郑州市无偿献血者乙肝流行病学调查分析

目的 了解郑州市无偿献血者乙肝感染率,为做好乙肝防控提供科学依据。 方法 采用乙肝金标试纸条对661 184名无偿献血者进行初筛,并按献血次数、种类、年龄、性别、职业、文化程度进行分类统计。 结果 初次献全血和单采血小板的献血者乙肝感染率分别为1.044%和1.894%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ²=97.795,P＜0.001);初次和多次献血者乙肝感染率分别为1.082%和0.012%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ²=3 405.968,P＜0.001)。初次献血者乙肝感染率男性(1.334%)显著高于女性(0.687%)(χ²=314.594,P＜0.001);多次献血者男女之间差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.010,P＞0.05);初次献血者乙肝感染率随年龄增大而上升,18～25岁男女较低,26～35岁男性明显升高;多次献血随着年龄增高变化不大。初次献血者商贸、农民、工人以及自由职业者以及服务人员乙肝感染率均较高,医生、公务员以及军人乙肝感染率较低;多次献血者乙肝感染率较低且变化不大。初次和多次献血者乙肝感染率均随学历升高而降低。 结论 郑州市无偿献血者乙肝感染率较低,26～35岁年龄段男性感染率明显升高,农民及中专学历以下乙肝感染率较高,在加强乙肝免疫的同时,应加大乙肝传染病防治知识的宣传。

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of hepatitis B among unpaid blood donors in Zhengzhou City

Objective To investigate the infection rate of hepatitis B among unpaid blood donors in Zhengzhou City, and to provide a scientific basis for hepatitis B prevention and control. Methods HBV gold test strip was used to initially screen 661,184 unpaid blood donors, and then a classified statistics was made according to the frequency of blood donation, types, ages, genders, occupations and education levels. Results The infection rates of hepatitis B virus in blood donors who donated whole blood for the first time and those who donated apheresis platelets were 1.044% and 1.894%, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference(χ²=97.795, P<0.001). Among the first-time blood donors, the infection rate of hepatitis B virus was significantly higher in males than in females(1.334% vs. 0.687%, χ²=314.594, P<0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in the infection rate of hepatitis B virus between the male and female repeated blood donors(χ²=0.010, P>0.05). The infection rate of hepatitis B virus in the first-time blood donors increased with the increasing age, and it was lower in males and females aged 18-25 years, but significantly higher in males aged 26-35 years. The infection rate of hepatitis B virus in the repeated blood donors had changed a little bit with the increasing age. Among the first-time blood donors, the infection rate of hepatitis B virus was found to be higher in traders, farmers, workers, freelancers and service personnel, but lower in doctors, civil servants and soldiers. The infection rate of hepatitis B virus in the repeated blood donors was low and had changed a little bit. The infection rates of hepatitis B virus in the first-time and the repeated blood donors decreased with the increase of education level. Conclusion The hepatitis B infection rate of the unpaid blood donors in Zhengzhou City was low, and the infection rate was found to be higher in males aged 26-35 years, farmers and donors with technical secondary school education and below. It is necessary to enhance the propaganda about knowledge related to hepatitis B prevention and treatment when we strengthen the immunization against hepatitis B virus infection.