新疆山地鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫耶尔森菌基因组分化和演变

目的比较来自我国新疆4大片山地鼠疫自然疫源地的144株鼠疫菌的基因组组成的差别,研究新疆山地鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫菌的基因分型和进化规律。方法根据已经证实的22个差异区段(DFR)设计引物,每株鼠疫菌的每个DFR都采用PCR技术进行验证。结果新疆4大片山地鼠疫自然疫源地的144株鼠疫菌的基因型DFR图谱可归类为14种,分为7个主要基因组型和7个次要基因组型。西天山北坡灰旱獭-长尾黄鼠鼠疫疫源地存在3个主要基因组型和5个次要基因组型,西段以01型基因组型为主,占种群体的91.7%,02型占8.3%;中段以03型为主,占68.8%,01型占4.2%,02型占20.85%,另有02M1和02M3(02型的突变型)占2.1%,03M1型(03型的突变型)占2.1%;东段以02型为主,89.8%,01型、02M2、02M3和02M4型(02型的突变型)各占2.0%。南天山灰旱獭鼠疫疫源地存在2个主要基因型和1个次要基因型,以4型为主,占66.7%,02型占16.7%, 04M1型(04型的突变型)占16.7%。帕米尔高原-阿赖山红旱獭鼠疫疫源地仅存在04型1种基因型。昆仑山喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫疫源地分为中昆仑和东昆仑鼠疫自然疫源地,中昆仑山存在2种鼠疫基因组型,以11型为主,占群体的90%,12型占10%;东昆仑山存在3种鼠疫基因组型,以05型为主,占66.7%,02型和11型分别占16.7%。结论新疆山地鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫菌基因组的演化由3个演化路线组成。西天山北坡鼠疫自然疫源地的鼠疫菌基因组,自西向东在不同的生态地理环境和宿主媒介作用下发生适应性进化和演变,由较为古老的01型基因组逐渐演化为02和03型,最后南下至青海和东昆仑演变为05型,并且在这条演化路线上存在许多演变过程中发生的基因组地域交叉和次要基因组型;南天山和帕米尔高原-阿赖山鼠疫自然疫源地的鼠疫菌的04型基因组型是由01型直接演化而来,并在这一区域形成主要鼠疫基因组型;中昆仑山鼠疫自然疫源地的鼠疫菌基因组型可能是由西藏冈底斯山喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫源地的鼠疫菌的10型基因组演化而来,形成以11型为主,12型为辅的鼠疫基因组构型特点。

Differentiation and evolvement of genome of Yersinia pestis from Xinjiang Mountainous Plague Natural Focus

Objective To compare the difference in genome constitution of 144 strains of Yersima pestis from 4 Xinjiang Plague Natural Foci, and to research the classification and evolution pattern. Methods According to the 22 confirmed different regions (DFR), the primer was designed. All DFRs of each plague strain were verified with PCR technique. Results The DFR map of genotype of 144 strains of Yersinia pestis was classified to be 14 species, including 7 dominant and 7 subordinate genotypes. There were 3 dominant and 5 subordinate genotypes in Marmota baibacina-Citellus undulatus plague focus in northern side-hill of Western Tianshan Mountains. The dominant type was type 4 occupied 66.7% while both type 02 and 04M1 (mutation of type 04) accounted for 16.7% , respectively. There was only 1 genotype of type 04 in Marmota caudata plague focus in the Pamirs-Alai Mountains. Marmola himalayana plague focus in Kunlun Mountains was divided into plague natural focus of middle and eastern Kunlun Mountains. There were 2 types of plague genotype in the middle Kunlun Mountains with the dominant of type 11 accounted for 90% of the population, and type 12 accounted for 10% . There were 3 types of plague genotype in the eastern Kunlun with type 05 of the dominant occupied 66.7% while the type 02 and 11 accounted for 16.7% , respectively . Conclusion There are 3 evolvement ways of the genome evolution of Yersinia pestis from Xinjiang Mountainous Plague Natural Focus. The genome of Yersinia pestis from northern side-hill of Western Tianshan Mountains appears evolution and evolvement of adaptability under the effect of different ecological and geographical environment and vector of hosts from the west to the east. The genotype of Yersinia pestis from the Middle Kulun Plague Natural Focus may evolve from genotype 10 of Yersinia pestis from Marmota hi-malayana Plague Natural Focus in the Gangdise Mountains of Tibet and formed the genomic configuration of the dominant of genotype 11 and the subordinate of genotype 12.