因子分析法在免疫规划疫苗接种率监测管理中的应用

目的探讨免疫规划疫苗接种率监测中系统性影响因素,为采取进一步措施以提高疫苗接种率管理提供科学依据。方法收集池州市64家接种单位连续18个月的23项疫苗接种率资料,运用因子分析法提取初始公因子,当初始公因子专业含义不够明晰时进行变异最大正交旋转,以获得符合实际的因子载荷矩阵并予以专业上的解释。统计分析借助SPSS13.0完成。结果KMO统计量为0.873,满足因子分析要求。考虑特征根、方差贡献率和专业意义,本文提取前4个公因子,第1～4公因子依次可解释59.25%、13.43%、5.73%和4.17%的全部信息量,累计贡献率为82.58%（超过70%）,因子提取效果理想。第1～4公因子专业含义分别为＂基础免疫＂、＂疫苗替代＂、＂加强免疫＂和＂乙肝首针＂,其专业解释与全市实际现状契合良好;尤其是以往不够重视的＂疫苗替代＂因子和＂乙肝首针＂因子对疫苗接种率管理的负面影响,须引起足够关注。结论因子分析法为接种率监测分析提供了一种新的思路和方法,能够对影响免疫规划疫苗接种率的内在影响因素进行系统＂梳理＂和＂诊断＂,其实用价值不可低估。

Application of factor analysis in surveillance of childhood EPI vaccination in Chizhou

Objective To explore latent systematic influence-factors childhood vaccination rate in Chizhou.Methods The 23 indexs of EPI vaccination rate from 64 vaccination clinics between Jan.2010 and Jun.2011 were collected and primary component matrix was extracted by factor analysis method if primary factor loading of common-factors is not satisfactory,rotated component matrix should be achieved by varimax orthogonal rotation with better professional explanation.statistical analysis with SPSS13.0 for windows.Results Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin statistic was 0.873 implying this data could meet the demand for factor analysis.At last,4 common-factors were extracted according to the eigenvalues and variance contribution in combination with professional meanings.the 1st common-factor to the 4th were responsible for 59.25%,13.43%,5.73% and 4.17% of total difference in order,their cumulative proportion was 82.58%（〉70%）.The extraction effect from data was satisfactory.the 4 common-factors fit the fact well with their professional characters as follows：basic vaccination,substitute vaccination,strength vaccination,first inoculation of HBV vaccine.In particular,the negtive influence of the factor ＂substitute vaccination＂ and ＂first inoculation of HBV vaccine＂ on management of EPI vaccination rate were not estimated before,the two factors should be paid more attention than ever.Conclusion The method of factor analysis offereed a new way for analysis of EPI vaccination rate and it can be use for assessment of results of childhood EPI vaccination rate with higher practical value.