矿山应急救援人员抑郁症状与职业紧张的关系

目的探讨矿山应急救援人员抑郁症状与职业紧张的关系。方法采用流行病学调查,用抑郁自评量表测评心理健康,使用职业紧张测量工具测量职业紧张因素、个性特征、社会支持和应付策略,调查年龄、工龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状态等资料。使用2χ检验、方差分析和多元逐步回归分析方法对数据进行分析。结果肯定有抑郁症状者占38.1%。总平均分为17.65±8.90。初、高中（中专）学历者肯定抑郁症状发生率明显高于大学及以上人员,井下保健、救援人员抑郁症状发生率明显高于其他工作人员（P〈0.05）。肯定抑郁症状者工作冲突（包括组间冲突、组内冲突）、工作危险性、工作中角色（包含角色冲突、角色模糊）、工作前景、工作单调性、工作心理控制源、社会支持得分明显高于可能有抑郁症状者和无抑郁症状者得分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,工作提升机会、工作参与程度和自尊感肯定有抑郁症状者得分明显低于可能有抑郁症状者和无抑郁症状者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。有10个变量入了回归方程。结论目前矿山应急救援人员的心理健康问题比较严重,职业紧张因素和个性特征等对心理健康存在着影响。

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS AND STRESS IN MINE EMERGENCY RESCUERS

Objective To investigate the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms of mine emergency rescuers.Methods Depression symptoms of 568 rescuers were measured by using the depression scale recommeded by the American Epidemiological Survey Center.The occupational stress questionnaire were used to investigate the stressors,personalities,social support,and coping strategies as well as the subject＇s age,length of service,sex,educational level and marriage status.χ2 test was used to analyzing the difference among different groups.The analysis of variance was used for testing the difference of stressors,personalities,etc among the groups with different scores of depression.The variables obtained in the optional prediction equation were identified by multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results The incidence rate of definite depression symptoms was 38.1%,whose total average score was 17.65 ± 8.90.The rescuers with middle or high school education had the higher incidence rates of depression symptoms than those with bachelor or master degree.The rescuers who work in mine and rescue had the higher incidence rates of depression symptoms than others（P0.05）.The rescuers in the group with definite depression symptoms had the higher scores than the other two groups in work conflict,role ambiguity,role conflict,job monotony,social support.The former had the lower scores than the other two groups in the scores of promotion and participation,autonomy.Ten variables entered the predictive equation of depression score.Conclusion There are serious mental health problems in mine emergency rescue workers.Stressors and personalities affect their mental health.