深圳市老年人群高血压合并糖尿病患病率及影响因素研究

目的 探讨深圳市年龄≥60岁老年人群高血压合并糖尿病患病率及其影响因素。 方法 于2017年7月至2018年10月期间,采用整群抽样的方法选择深圳市罗湖区下辖全部51个社区健康服务中心所有年龄≥60岁深圳户籍常住居民开展调查,采用面对面问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测的方法收集相关信息。 结果 本调查共纳入7 982名老年人进行调查,平均年龄为（67.68 ± 5.41）岁,女性偏多,占57.2%。共检出高血压合并糖尿病患者1 257例,患病率15.7%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄70~79岁（OR=2.60）、80~92岁（OR=3.91）、超重（OR=1.82）、肥胖（OR=4.16）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）异常（OR=2.12）、患高脂血症（OR=1.59）的老年人患高血压合并糖尿病的可能性较高;文化程度越高、新鲜水果、大米以及豆制品食用频次越多的老年人患高血压合并糖尿病的可能性较低;与小学及以下文化程度相比,高中/中专、大专/本科及以上文化程度的OR值分别为0.82、0.65;与<4次/月组相比,新鲜水果的食用频次4~11次/月、≥12次/月的OR值分别为0.55、0.46;与<12次/月组相比,大米的食用频次≥12次/月的OR值为0.46;与<4次/月组相比,豆制品的食用频次≥12次/月的OR值为0.80。 结论 深圳市老年人群高血压合并糖尿病患病率较高,高龄、超重、肥胖、HDL-C异常和患高脂血症是老年人患高血压合并糖尿病的危险因素;文化程度较高、摄入较多的新鲜水果、大米和豆制品可能是其保护因素。

Prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension complicated with diabetes mellitus in elderly residents in Shenzhen

Objective To determine the prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension complicated with diabetes mellitus （DM） in elderly residents aged 60 years and over in Shenzhen. Methods From July 2017 to October 2018, cluster sampling method was used to select all registered permanent residents aged ≥60 years from all 51 community health service centers under the jurisdiction of Luohu District, Shenzhen. Questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and laboratory tests were conducted to collect relevant information. Results A total of 7 982 residents were surveyed, with an average age of 67.68 ± 5.41 years, and more females （57.2%）. Of the all participants, 1 257 were found to have hypertension with DM, with a prevalence rate of 15.7%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the elderly aged 70-79 years （OR=2.60）, 80-92 years （OR=3.91）, and with overweight （OR=1.82）, obesity （OR=4.16）, abnormal HDL-C （OR=2.12）, and hyperlipidemia （OR=1.59） were more likely to have hypertension complicated with DM; the elderly with higher levels of education and more frequent consumption of fresh fruit, rice and soybean products were less likely to have hypertension with DM; compared with the group with education levels at primary school or below, the OR values of the group with education levels at senior high school/technical secondary school, college/undergraduate and above were 0.82 and 0.65; compared with the group eating fresh fruits<4 times/month, the OR values of the group having fresh fruits 4-11 times/month and≥12times/month were 0.55 and 0.46, respectively; compared with the group eating rice<12 times/month, the OR value of the group eating rice≥12 times/month was 0.46; compared with the group eating soybean products<4 times/month, the OR value of the group eating soybean products≥12 times/month was 0.80. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension complicated with DM in the elderly in Shenzhen is relatively high. The risk factors for hypertension with DM are old age, overweight, obesity, abnormal HDL-C and hyperlipidemia. Higher education levels and intake of more fresh fruits, rice and soybean products may be the protective factors.