高分辨率CT诊断早期和(或)活动性肺结核

目的　评价抗结核化疗前后早期和 (或 )活动性肺结核的高分辨率CT(HRCT)征象。方法　总结了 2组共 10 0例肺结核病例的HRCT检查所见。活动性肺结核诊断依据痰抗酸杆菌染色阳性 (75例 )及治疗期间获得的一系列胸部影像学改变 (2 5例 )。对另 5例死于肺结核的尸体肺予以病理 影像对照。结果　在初诊组 (6 6例 )与复发组 (34例 )肺结核HRCT检查中 ,小叶中心病变 (93例 ,占 93.0 % )、树芽状 (76例 ,占 76 .0 % )及支气管管壁增厚 (70例 ,占 70 .0 % )均为检出率较高的征象 ,与其他征象检出率相比差异有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　小叶中心病变是早期和 (或 )活动性肺结核最常见并较有特征性的HRCT征象 ,若再与其他有较高特异性的HRCT征象及临床资料相结合 ,则有助于早期和 (或 )活动性肺结核的诊断和鉴别诊断。

HRCT in the evaluation and diagnosis of the early/active pulmonary tuberculosis

Objective To evaluate the HRCT findings of early/active pulmonary tuberculosis before and after antituberculous chemotherapy. Methods One hundred tuberculous patients were studied prospectively and they were divided into 2 groups according to the history. The diagnosis of early active pulmonary tuberculosis was based on positive acid-fast bacilli in sputum (75 patients) and changes on serial radiographs obtained during treatment (25 patients). The correlation between pathology and imaging was done in the lungs from the cadavers of five other patients who died of pulmonary tuberculosis. Results Comparing with the presence of other HRCT findings, the presence of centrilobular lesions (93.0%), tree-in-bud appearance (76.0%), and wall thickening of bronchioles (70.0%) were most common signs in both the first group consisting of 66 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis and the second group consisting of 34 patients with recent reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis at examination by HRCT, and there was significant difference between the presence of those signs and other signs ( P <0.001). Conclusion Centrilobular lesion appeared to be the most commonly seen characteristic HRCT features of early active tuberculosis, and it may be helpful to the diagnosis and (or) differential diagnosis if combined with other commonly seen characteristic HRCT features as well as clinical information.