Characteristics of suicide among diabetes patients: A population based study of suicide victims in Northern Finland |
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| Authors: | Sanna Löfman Helinä Hakko Arja Mainio Markku Timonen Pirkko Räsänen |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland;2. Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Finland;3. Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland;4. Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Finland;1. Helen Durham Neuro-inflammatory Centre, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK;2. Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK;1. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, United States;2. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, United States;3. Duke University, Center for Health Policy, Duke Global Health Institute, United States;4. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute for Global Health, Infectious Diseases and Center for AIDS Research, United States;5. Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, United States;6. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, United States;7. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Infectious Diseases, United States;1. Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children''s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;2. Child Protection Team, University Children''s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;3. Division of Immunology/Haematology/BMT, University Children''s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;4. Children''s Research Center, University Children''s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;1. Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;2. Danish Aging Research Centre (DARC), University of Aarhus, Odense and Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Centre for Healthy Aging (CESA), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;4. Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark;1. INSERM U 669, Paris XI University, Psychiatry Department of Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique — Hopitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France;2. INSERM U 669, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique — Hopitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France;3. Paris V University, Hepatology and Surgery Department, Paul Brousse University Hospital, 94800 Villejuif, France;4. Surgery Department, Paul Brousse University Hospital, Assistance Publique — Hopitaux de Paris, 94800 Villejuif, France;5. Hepatology Department, Paul Brousse University Hospital, Assistance Publique — Hopitaux de Paris, 94800 Villejuif, France;6. INSERM U669, Paris XI University, Department of Biostatistics and Public Health, Paul Brousse Hospital, Assistance Publique — Hopitaux de Paris, 94800 Villejuif, France |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveRecent case reports of insulin suicides have raised the need to study in detail the suicides among diabetes patients.MethodsThe data consisted of 2489 suicides (2030 men, 459 women) in Northern Finland during 1988 to 2010. The suicide victims with hospital-treated type 1 (n = 27) or type 2 diabetes (n = 51) were compared with those without diabetes (n = 2411).ResultsOf all suicide victims, 3.1% had diabetes (34.6% type 1 and 65.4% type 2 diabetes). 24.0% of victims with type 2 diabetes were under the influence of alcohol when they died from suicide, while the proportion was 44.4% in type 1 diabetes and 46.6% in victims without diabetes (P = 0.007). Compared to those with type 2 diabetes or without diabetes, victims with type 1 diabetes had suffered more commonly from depression (44.4%, 23.5%, 19.9%, respectively) (P = 0.006) and chosen self-poisoning as suicide method (48.1%, 31.4%, and 18.0%) (P < 0.001). In victims with type 1 diabetes insulin as a suicide method covered half of the self-poisoning cases, while the proportion in type 2 diabetes was 13%.ConclusionWe suggest that physicians who treat diabetes patients should evaluate co-occurring depression and substance abuse, both of which are major risk factors of suicide. |
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