乳母营养与乳汁成分分析

本文对240例(城市130例,农村110例)乳母的膳食进行了调查,对城市113份和农村109份母乳进行了成分分析;同时对泌乳量和哺乳婴儿体重也进行了调查。结果表明,乳母热能日摄入量绝大多数在2700kcal以上;蛋白质的摄入量城市在90g以上,且优质蛋白质比例高,农村蛋白质摄入量及优质蛋白比例皆低于城市,脂肪摄入量所占热能比皆达20％以上;碳水化物占热能比约60％左右,比较合理。母乳分泌量城市高于农村。初乳蛋白质含量明显高于其他月龄乳;脂肪含量初乳低于其他各期乳。乳糖含量农村高于城市。婴儿体重前3个月城市与农村无甚区别,4个月以后,农村婴儿生长速度明显低于城市,此可能与农村缺乏婴儿辅助食品和喂养知识有关。

NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF LACTATING MOTHERS AND THE COMPOSITION OF THEIR BREAST MILK

Two hundred and forty mothers and their milk secretion were investigated in Hu-bei district. 130 of them were workers in the urban district and 110 peasants in the rural area of Tian-men County. Milk secretion, dietary intake and the composition of breast milk were examined. The overall mean energy intake of lactating mothers were over 2700 kcal/day both in urban and rural lactating mothers. The amounts of protein ingested were over 90g/ day in urban and more than 70g/day in rural women. The protein intakes in the first two months were significantly higher than in the remaining months. The animal and soybean protein in rural women were lower than in urban. Both the amounts of ingested fat and carbohydrate were suitable. The milk secretion of urban lactating mothers was higher than rural. The protein content of breast milk fall steeply from an initially high level during the first seven days and then more slowly up to at least the second month. The fat content was usually low during the first few days of lactation, but increased slowly to a level which was characteristic of the individual by the second month. The lactose content of urban was lower than rural. The body weights of babies in both urban and rural were nearly the same in the first three months. After forth month the growth rate of the rural infants was slower than the urban infants. So the weaning foods to provide to infants in the rural area was more urgent.