中国18省市城市高中生预防艾滋病知识和态度分析

目的了解中国城市高中生预防艾滋病知识、态度情况,为进一步制定高中生艾滋病预防教育提供依据。方法按照分层整群抽样方法,抽取全国18个省(自治区、直辖市,下同)的109 754名城市高中生进行《中国青少年健康危险行为》问卷调查,问卷采取无记名自填方式。结果 109 754名城市高中生中,55.3%的学生曾从学校接受过艾滋病教育,79.0%的学生"知道艾滋病病原体",68.6%的学生"不同意将感染艾滋病的同学隔离",66.0%的学生表示"会像以前那样和感染艾滋病的朋友继续来往"。各省之间艾滋病预防教育差异较大,职业高中学生在学校接受艾滋病教育和反歧视态度的报告率,均低于重点高中和普通高中的学生(P<0.01);社会经济水平好的地区反歧视态度较高(P<0.01)。结论我国学校预防艾滋病教育资源分布不均衡,北方地区学校开展预防艾滋病知识教育的覆盖率还不够,还应加强对职业高中学生艾滋病的宣传和健康教育力度。

Analysis of knowledge and attitude to AIDS/HIV among urban high school students in 18 provinces of China

Objective To analyze the knowledge and attitude to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) among urban high school students in China in order to provide a basis for AIDS related health education in the future.Method An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 109 754 urban high school students selected by using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method in 18 provinces of China.Results Of 109 754 urban high school students,55.3% had ever been taught in schools about AIDS or HIV infection;79.0% knew that HIV was the pathogen of AIDS.68.6% disagreed with separating their HIV infected classmates,and 66.0% stated that they would continue to contact their HIV infected friends as before.Coverage of health education for AIDS prevention was different among different provinces.The percentage of having been taught in school about AIDS or HIV infection,and anti-discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS was lower in occupational school students than in elite school students or ordinary school students(P<0.01).Students living in developed cities or districts were more likely to state anti-discrimination attitude as compared with those living in developing cities or districts(P<0.01).Conclusion Distribution of resources for AIDS related health education was uneven in China.The coverage of HIV and AIDS education in North China was insufficient,and AIDS related health education should also be strengthened among occupational school students.