健康村建设试点研究效果的评价

目的探索适合我国农村的健康村建设策略和模式。方法在江苏省高邮市、河南省宜阳县、陕西省旬邑县选取36个行政村,随机分配到干预组和对照组。干预为期3个月。开发动员干预试点地区领导开展健康村建设。18个干预村都制定了《健康村管理制度》;开展了环境整治行动和健康教育服务,并实施了加强基层卫生工作的措施。以《卫Ⅺ项目健康村评价指标体系》为基础设计基线调查和效果评价的内容。调查方法包含问卷调查。结果基线调查现场观察401户家庭,完成村民问卷调查1547份。干预效果评价现场观察362户家庭,完成村民问卷调查1366份。干预结束后,干预村居民常见病防治知识知晓率较基线时明显提高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。经常体育锻炼的比例由13.8%上升到24.8%(P0.05),坚持饭前洗手的比例由47.9%上升到56.4%(P0.05)。干预村的综合评分由基线的(63.4±9.2)分上升到(84.9±8.4)分。一半(9/18)的干预村达到健康村标准,对照组仅有2个(2/18)村达到标准。结论以健康促进行动纲领为核心的综合干预措施科学有效。开发村主任、支部书记,动员全体居民参与,是适合我国农村的健康村工作管理模式。

Research of healthy village pilot construction

Objective To explore healthy village strategies and patterns suitable for Chinese rural area. Methods ＂lhirty six administrative villages selected from Gaoyou City of Jiangsu, Yiyang County of Henan and Xunyi County of Shaanxi were divided randomly into intervention group and control group. The comprehensive intervention measures were implemented in intervention villages for 3 months. Leaders of all pilot areas were encouraged to conduct health village construction. All of 18 intervention villages developed Health Villages Management Regulation, implemented environmental remediation actions, provided health education services and implemented measures to enhance primary health. The design of the contents of base- line survey and effectiveness evaluation was based on the Healthy Village Evaluation Indicators System of Health XI Project. Methods used in baseline survey and effectiveness evaluation included questionnaires survey. Results 401 families were ob- served and 1547 residents were investigated in baseline survey. 362 families were observed and 1366 residents were investiga- ted in effectiveness evaluation. After intervention, the awareness rates of high incidence diseases knowledge were increased significantly than them of baseline survey among intervention village residents （ all P 〈 0. 05）. The proportion of frequently insisting physical exercise increased from 13. 8% to 24. 8% （P 〈0. 05）. The proportion of insisting handwashing behavior before eating increased from 47. 9% to 56. 4% （P 〈0. 05）. The average scores of health village comprehensive evaluation increased from （63. 4± 9. 2） of baseline survey to （84. 9 ± 8.4） at end of intervention activities among intervention villages. 50% （9/18） of intervention villages reached the health village standards, and only two （2/18） of control villages reached the standards. Conclusion The comprehensive intervention measures based on the health promotion strategies were scientific and effective. The management pattern of ＂Mobilizing village head, Combining the strength of all village cadres and technical staff, Encourage all villagers to participate＂ was suitable for Chinese rural health.