辽宁省沈阳市孕妇营养知识知晓情况调查

目的了解沈阳市孕妇营养知识知晓及对孕期营养知识的需求情况。方法用自行设计的自填式问卷,对沈阳市10个区、县（市）登记在册的3203名孕妇进行问卷调查。结果孕期营养知识10道题16个知识点平均知晓率为56.4%,不同城区间孕妇知晓率不同,其中城市为60.9%、郊区为55.1%、农村为48.0%,三者间差异有统计学意义（χ2=43.06,P〈0.01）,不同学历间孕妇知晓率不同,其中初中为45.8%、高中为52.9%、大专为62.3%、本科为67.7%、研究生为72.6%,其间差异有统计学意义（χ2=102.53,P〈0.01）,且学历越高,知晓率越高。＂含优质蛋白质的食物＂及＂每天吃水果的时间＂知识点掌握最差。影响孕期营养知识掌握的因素,经回归分析得其保护因素是年龄（β=0.04,OR=1.04,P〈0.01）和文化程度（β=0.56,OR=1.75,P〈0.01）;危险因素是城区（β=-0.17,OR=0.84,P〈0.01）。孕妇需求最高的是孕期营养知识,高达77.4%,知识知晓与妊娠结局有关。结论沈阳地区孕妇营养知识水平有待提高。文化程度是影响孕妇掌握营养知识的最主要因素。在开展孕期营养健康教育时要有针对性。

Survey on nutrition knowledge among pregnant women in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

Objective To understand nutrition knowledge status among pregnant women in Shenyang, analyze related influencing factors and explore demand on nutrition knowledge of pregnant women. Methods 3203 pregnant women were enrolled by simple random sampling which was randomly selected from 10 districts （or counties, cities） in Shenyang, and investigated by a self-designed questionnaire. Results The mean awareness rate of nutrition knowledge in the pregnant women that included 10 questions with 16 knowledge points was 56.4%, there were significantly statistical differences among different regions （ X2 = 43.06, P 〈 0. 01 ）, awareness rate of pregnant women in urban was 60. 9%, 55.1% in suburbs, 48.0% in village, respectively. There were significantly statistical differences among different educa- tional level （ X2 = 102. 55, P 〈 0. 01 ）, awareness rate of pregnant women in junior high school was 45.8%, 52.9% in senior high school, 62. 3% in junior college, 67.7% in undergraduate course, 72. 6% in graduate student, respective- ly. The mean awareness rates of ＂the food containing high quality protein＂ and ＂the time of eating the fruits everyday＂ were lowest. Education background （β =0.56, OR = 1.75, P 〈0.01） and age （β =0.04, OR = 1.04, P 〈0.01） were associated with awareness rate positively, and region （β = -0. 17, OR =0. 84, P 〈0. O1 ） were negative influence factor. They need pregnant nutritional knowledge and the requirement rate was 77.4%. Higher degree of education they had, more knowledge they need. Conclusion The nutrition knowledge level of pregnant women in Shenyang should be improved. The most important influencing factor is education background. Targeted nutritional health education during pregnancy should be carried out both on breadth and depth.