北京市建筑工地农民工传染病健康教育效果评价

目的了解建筑工地农民工传染病防治知识的知晓度,评价健康教育干预效果,为制定流动人口传染病健康教育对策提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,对500名建筑工地农民工讲授传染病防治知识并发放宣传材料,干预前后进行问卷调查评价效果。结果干预后农民工对部分艾滋病、狂犬病、消化道和呼吸道传染病防治知识知晓率有所提高,最低提高了5.4%,最高34.5%。飞沫传播呼吸道传染病知晓率由干预前的82.2%提高到干预后的94.3%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;干预后＂生吃瓜果洗净,海鲜煮熟＂知识的知晓率提高了5.4%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;干预前后＂咬伤前可不打疫苗＂、＂猫鼠等可传染狂犬病＂、＂狂犬病能防不能治＂知识的知晓率分别提高了9.5%、10%和24.1%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论以讲座为主宣传材料为辅的联合方式是建筑工地农民工适宜的传染病健康教育模式。

Effect evaluation of health education on infectious diseases prevention among migrant workers in building workplaces in Beijing

Objective To explore infectious diseases knowledge situation among migrant workers in building workplaces in Beijing, evaluate health education intervention effect and provide reference for heath education policy devel- opment. Methods By multistage sampling method, 500 building workers were selected totally and received lectures about infectious diseases and propaganda materials. They were investigated before and after education activities in order to evalu- ate intervention effect. Results After intervention, the awareness rate of AIDS, rabies, the alimentary and respiratory in- fectious diseases were increased from 5.4% to 34. 5%. The awareness rate of ＂spray is a transmission route of respiratory diseases＂ was increased from 82. 2% to 94. 3% , and the difference were statistically significant （P 〈0. 01 ）. The aware- ness rate of ＂eating washed vegetables and fruits and cooked sea food＂ was increased 5.4% after intervention （P 〈0. 05 ）. The awareness rates of ＂vaccination is not need before bitten＂, ＂rabies could transmitted by cat and mouse＂ and ＂rabies could be prevented but not cured＂ were increased 9.5%, 10% and 24. 1%, respectively （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Health education intervention model, which lectures are combined with propaganda materials, is reasonable and applicable among migrant workers in building workplaces.