分子标记技术在寄生虫分类鉴定中的应用

寄生虫在生物学上有差异的亚种和株具有不同的致病性, 其分类学对于寄生虫病的病原学、流行病学和防治等方面具有实际意义。DNA分子标记是以生物大分子的多态性为基础的遗传标记, 具备多态性高、无基因多效性、能够明确辨别等位基因等优点。本文综述第1代（限制性片段长度多态性、随机扩增多态性DNA等）、第2代（微卫星锚定PCR、简单重复序列间扩增等）和第3代（单核苷酸多态性）分子标记技术在寄生虫分类鉴定中的应用。

Application of Molecular Marker Techniques in Taxonomic Identification of Parasites

Different subspecies or strains of the same species produce varied clinical manifestations. The clarifica-tion of parasite taxonomy is useful for the researches of their biology, epidemiology and control. DNA molecular markers have the advantages of high polymorphism, non-pleiotropy, and clear identifying alleles, etc. This paper summarizes the first generation （restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA）, second generation （simple sequence repeat-anchored PCR, inter-simple sequence repeat） and third generation （single nucleotide polymorphism） molecular marker techniques, and their application in taxonomic identification of parasites.