北京市海淀区1999～2005年细菌性痢疾流行特征

目的了解海淀区7年来细菌性痢疾发病规律、流行特征，为2008年北京奥运会传染病保障工作提供基础本底资料，为细菌性痢疾防治策略提供科学依据。方法根据海淀区1999～2005年细菌性痢疾传染病疫情报告作描述性分析，对2004年60株志贺菌进行血清学分型。结果1999～2005年细菌性痢疾发病率波动在134．05／10万～353．98／10万之间，年均发病率在234．02／10万，总体呈下降趋势；发病以5～9月份为主，发病最高峰在每年的8月份；0～4岁组婴幼儿发病率最高达93．8．15／10万；不同职业发病数前三位是学生、干部职员、散居儿童。志贺菌60株分型，福氏志贺菌37株占61．67％，宋内氏志贺菌23株占38．33％，福氏37株以福氏4为主（15株，占40．52％）。结论海淀区近7年来细菌性痢疾发病率呈下降趋势，但发病率远远高于全国平均水平，始终占据法定传染病发病首位。夏秋季为细菌性痢疾发病高峰期；0～4岁组、学生、干部职员为重点防治对象。以福氏志贺菌、宋内氏志贺菌两型为流行株。

An analysis of epidemiological features of bacillary dysentery in Haidian District of Beijing during 1999～2005

Objective To study occurrence rules and epidemiological features of bacillary dysentery in Haidian District during the past seven years since 1999, and to provide basic data for guaranteeing success of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, as well as scientific evidence for preventive strategies of bacillary dysentery. Methods Data of bacillary dysentery notified to Haidian Center for Disease Control and Prevention by the communicable diseases surveillance system during 1999 - 2005 were described. Sixty strains of Shigella dysenterlae isolated in 2004 were serotyped. Results Average incidence of bacillary dysentery reported was 234.02 per 100 000 in Haidian District of Beijing during 1999 to 2005, ranging from 134.05 to 353.98 per 100 000, presenting a decreasing trend. Bacillary dysentery mainly occurred during May to September with a peak in August each year. Incidence was highest in infants and young children under four years old （938.15 per 100 000）, and top three numbers of patients were school children, office staff, and preschool children scattered at home. Bacterial serotyping showed that that 37 of 60 strains were Shigella flexneri （61.67%） and 23 Shigella sonnei （38.33%）, and 15 of 37 strains were type 4 of Shigella flexneri （40,52%）. Conclusion Though bacillary dysentery Showed a decreasing trend during recent seven years, its incidence was far higher than that at national level, placing the first rank of notifiable communicable diseases, with Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnel as epidemic strains. Autumn and summer were peak period of occurrence, and young children under four years old, school children and office staff were target population of prevention and control for bacillary dysentery.