神经内镜在颅底脊索瘤外科治疗中的应用

目的 进一步探索神经内镜在颅底脊索瘤外科治疗中的应用、方法、指征和预后.方法 自2000年5月至2010年4月北京市神经外科研究所北京天坛医院收治颅底脊索瘤患者101例,其中男59例,女42例.l临床表现主要包括头痛、颅神经损伤、呼吸困难等.按肿瘤生长方式分型,Ⅰ型:肿瘤侵袭单个颅底腔隙13例,Ⅱ型:肿瘤侵袭两个以上结构,未侵入硬脑膜56例,Ⅲ型:肿瘤侵袭多个颅底结构,长入硬脑膜内,压迫脑干等重要结构32例.依据肿瘤不同分型,采用内镜下经鼻或经口,内镜下经颞下窝,或联合应用显微神经外科开颅并分期手术.结果 全切19例,次全切58例,部分切除24例,部分切除的病例中16例实行了二期联合入路手术,术后均达到次全切.术后多数病例的临床症状获得明显改善.术后1周恢复生活自理占58.4%,2周占30.69%,1个月6 9%,＞1个月占1.9%.手术并发症发生13例(12.87%),以脑脊液漏(4例)和经鼻术后创面出血(3例)较多,经适当处理多获得好转.结论 颅底脊索瘤的治疗应当争取早期发现、早期治疗,神经内镜技术可以在颅底脊索瘤的治疗中发挥重要作用,对广泛生长、颅内外沟通的脊索瘤,应当提倡多种技术、多种人路联合,必要时分期手术,保证提高生命质量.

Abstract：

Objective To further explore the application, approach, indication and prognosis of neuroendoscope treatment for skull base chordoma. Methods A total of 101 patients of skull base chordoma were admitted at our hospital from May 2000 to April 2010. There were 59 males and 42 females. Their major clinical manifestations included headache, cranial nerve damage and dyspnea. They were classified according to the patterns of tumor growth: Type Ⅰ (n=13) : tumor location at a single component of skull base, i. e. clivus or sphenoid sinus with intact cranial dura: Type Ⅱ (n=56): tumor involving more than two components of skull e. g clivus, sphenoid and nasal/oral cavity, etc. But there was no intracranial invasion; Type Ⅲ (n=32) : tumor extending widely and intradurally forming compression of brain stems and multiple cranial nerves. Based on the types of chordoma, different endoscopic approaches were employed, viz. transnasal, transoral, trans-subtemporal fossa and plus microsurgical craniotomy for staging in some complex cases. Results Among all patients, total resection was achieved (n=19), subtotal (n=58) and partial (n=24). In partial resection cases, 16 cases were considered to be subtotal due to a second-stage operation. Most cases had conspicuous clinical improvements. Self-care recovery within one week post-operation accounted for 58.4% , two weeks 30.7% , one month 6.9% and more than one month 1.9%. Postoperative complications occurred in 13 cases (12.8%) and included CSF leakage (n=4) ,cranial nerve palsy (n=5) , hemorrhagic nasal wounds (n=3) and delayed intracranial hemorrhage (n=1). All of these were cured or improved after an appropriate treatment. A follow-up of 6-60 months was conducted in 56 cases. Conclusion Early detection and early treatment are crucial for achieving a better outcome in chordoma. Neuroendoscopic treatment plays an important role in managing those complicated cases. Precise endoscopic techniques plus different surgical approaches and staging procedures are required to improve the post-operative quality of life for patients.

Application of neuroendoscope in the treatment of skull base chordoma

Objective To further explore the application, approach, indication and prognosis of neuroendoscope treatment for skull base chordoma. Methods A total of 101 patients of skull base chordoma were admitted at our hospital from May 2000 to April 2010. There were 59 males and 42 females. Their major clinical manifestations included headache, cranial nerve damage and dyspnea. They were classified according to the patterns of tumor growth: Type Ⅰ (n=13) : tumor location at a single component of skull base, i. e. clivus or sphenoid sinus with intact cranial dura: Type Ⅱ (n=56): tumor involving more than two components of skull e. g clivus, sphenoid and nasal/oral cavity, etc. But there was no intracranial invasion; Type Ⅲ (n=32) : tumor extending widely and intradurally forming compression of brain stems and multiple cranial nerves. Based on the types of chordoma, different endoscopic approaches were employed, viz. transnasal, transoral, trans-subtemporal fossa and plus microsurgical craniotomy for staging in some complex cases. Results Among all patients, total resection was achieved (n=19), subtotal (n=58) and partial (n=24). In partial resection cases, 16 cases were considered to be subtotal due to a second-stage operation. Most cases had conspicuous clinical improvements. Self-care recovery within one week post-operation accounted for 58.4% , two weeks 30.7% , one month 6.9% and more than one month 1.9%. Postoperative complications occurred in 13 cases (12.8%) and included CSF leakage (n=4) ,cranial nerve palsy (n=5) , hemorrhagic nasal wounds (n=3) and delayed intracranial hemorrhage (n=1). All of these were cured or improved after an appropriate treatment. A follow-up of 6-60 months was conducted in 56 cases. Conclusion Early detection and early treatment are crucial for achieving a better outcome in chordoma. Neuroendoscopic treatment plays an important role in managing those complicated cases. Precise endoscopic techniques plus different surgical approaches and staging procedures are required to improve the post-operative quality of life for patients.