围术期异体红细胞输注与术后感染相关性分析的研究进展

异体红细胞输注在纠正贫血、改善组织氧合的同时,也可能导致输血相关免疫调节,因此可能与术后感染的风险增加相关,但既往研究对此尚有争议。基础研究发现,输血相关免疫调节与输注量相关,陈旧红细胞的免疫抑制作用更为显著,而去白细胞处理有助于减轻输血对免疫系统的负面影响;但临床研究针对上述问题并未得出一致性结论。近年来,随着多中心、大样本真实世界研究不断涌现,大部分针对心脏、骨、肝脏、胰腺、胃肠道、膀胱手术的研究支持输血与术后感染的相关性,但仍存在一定局限性。未来研究可更多着眼于多种术式,延长输血与手术时间间隔的时间范围,将各种感染类型纳入结局,在保证充足样本量的情况下,尽可能准确地定义感染诊断。此方面高质量临床证据,对改善临床血液成分合理使用、改善患者术后结局具有重要意义。

Association of Perioperative Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion with Postoperative Infections

Allogeneic red blood cell transfusion can induce transfusion-related immunomodulation while correcting anemia and improving oxygenation,and thus may be associated with the increased risk of postoperative infections.However,the available studies have conflicting conclusions.Preclinical studies demonstrate transfusion-related immunomodulation is associated with transfusion amounts.Stored red blood cells can cause more significant immunosuppression than fresh blood products,while leukoreduction alleviates the negative effect on immune system.However,clinical studies do not reach agreements on these issues.Recently,accumulating multi-center,large-sample-size,real-world studies have reported significant associations of all ogeneic red blood cell transfusion in cardiac,orthopedic,hepatic,pancreatic,gastrointestinal,and vesical surgeries with postoperative infections.Considering the limitations of previous studies,future research should focus on multiple operations,prolong the time interval between transfusion and surgery,include different infections into outcomes,and define the postoperative infections accurately in the premise of adequate samples.High-quality clinical evidence could help to optimize the utilization of blood products and improve the postoperative outcomes.