新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情初期中国大学生心理健康调查及相关因素分析:基于多中心的横断面调查

目的 探索新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发初期,大学生人群经历疫情冲击及疫情防控隔离措施后的心理特征及其影响因素。方法 基于问卷星平台,采用多中心横断面研究方法分别对华东、华南、华中、华北、西北、西南、东北地区的大学生人群进行滚雪球抽样和方便抽样,采用社会领悟支持评定量表(PSSS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表精简版(DASS-21)和事件影响量表(IES-6)调查参与者的社会支持、积极应对和消极应对得分情况与抑郁、焦虑、压力症状和创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的发生率,记录其人口学特征和本次疫情相关经历,采用多因素Logistic回归法分析抑郁、焦虑、压力症状和PTSD的影响因素。结果 共收集3641份有效大学生调查问卷,在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发初期,总计535名(14.69%)出现负性情绪(含抑郁、焦虑、压力等症状),402名(11.04%)出现抑郁症状,381名(10.49%)出现焦虑症状,171名(4.90%)出现压力症状;1245名(34.19%)出现PTSD。自我报告负性情绪及PTSD发生风险的多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,对于抑郁症状的发生,男大学生是女大学生的0.755倍(P=0.037);对于抑郁、压力症状的发生,医学类专业学生是文史类专业学生的1.497、1.494倍(P=0.003;P=0.045);家庭支持是大学生出现抑郁、焦虑、压力症状和PTSD的保护因素(AOR=0.918,P<0.001;AOR=0.913,P<0.001;AOR=0.899,P<0.001;AOR=0.971,P=0.021)。结论 大学生人群对于突发公共卫生事件比较敏感,负性情绪发生率明显高于疫情发生前,尤其多见于女性。建议信息媒体加强正面宣传引导;呼吁社会与学校加强对大学生人群原生家庭的关注与关心;政府配套精神卫生服务协同作用于大学生群体,培养塑造乐观性格,培育健康身心,降低人群负性情绪与PTSD发生率。

Mental Health Status and Its Influencing Factors among College Students during the Epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019:A Multi-center Cross-sectional Study

Objective To measure the prevalence of mental health symptoms and identify the associated factors among college students at the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak in China. Methods We carried out a multi-center cross-sectional study via snowball sampling and convenience sampling of the college students in different areas of China.The rates of self-reported depression,anxiety,and stress and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)were assessed via the 21-item Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale(DASS-21)and the 6-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-6),respectively.Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics,health-related data,and information of the social environment.Data pertaining to mental health service seeking were also collected.Multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors. Results A total of 3641 valid questionnaires were collected from college students.At the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak,535(14.69%)students had negative emotions,among which 402(11.04%),381(10.49%),and 171(4.90%)students had the symptoms of depression,anxiety,and stress,respectively.Meanwhile,1245(34.19%)college students had PTSD.Among the risk factors identified,male gender was associated with a lower likelihood of reporting depression symptoms(AOR=0.755,P=0.037],and medical students were at higher risk of depression and stress symptoms than liberal arts students(AOR=1.497,P=0.003;AOR=1.494,P=0.045).Family support was associated with lower risks of negative emotions and PTSD in college students(AOR=0.918,P<0.001;AOR=0.913,P<0.001;AOR=0.899,P<0.001;AOR=0.971,P=0.021). Conclusions College students were more sensitive to public health emergencies,and the incidence of negative emotions and PTSD was significantly higher than that before the outbreak of COVID-19.More attention should be paid to female college students who were more likely to develop negative emotions.We should strengthen positive and proper propaganda via mass media and help college students understand the situation and impact of COVID-19.Furthermore,we should enhance family support for college students.The government and relevant agencies need to provide appropriate mental health services to the students under similar circumstances to avoid the deterioration of their mental well-being.