面神经下颌缘支的应用解剖学研究

研究面神经下颌缘支的重要毗邻关系。方法　逐层解剖 6 0侧完整的头颈部标本。观察下颌缘支的支数及分型、与颌外动脉的位置关系、神经走向、与颊支和颏神经吻合情况进行了描述和分析。结果　面神经下颌缘支以 1～ 2支居多。全程分型 ,单干型占 48% ;二干型占 15 % ;合干型占 37%。面神经下颌缘支位于颌外动脉浅面占 86 % ;位于在深面者占 6 % ;下颌缘支环抱或夹持者占 8%。面神经下颌缘支位下颌骨下缘占 44 % ,平下颌骨下缘占 5 1% ;远离下颌骨下缘点 5 %。。结论　面神经下颌缘支的毗邻和行程关系较为复杂 ,了解其与周围的这些重要结构关系 ,可以减少因神经损伤造成下唇及口角功能障碍的发生。

An Applied Anatomical study on the marginal mandibular Branch of facial nerve

Objective to investigate important adjacent structures of the marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve. Methods 60 corpses were used to dissect on head and neck unilaterally, and then to observe the number of branches,patterns,relation with external carotid artery and with buccal branch and mental nerve. Results there are usually 1~2 branches in the marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve. Patterns include unitrunk pattern(48%), bitrunk pattern(15%) and tritrunk Pattern(37%); 89% of marginal mandibular branches exist superficially to external carotid artery, 6% profoundly to the artery, 5% around the artery; 44% of marginal mandibular branches locate under lower margin of mandible, 51% is parallel with the lower margin, 5% exist with alonger distance to the lower margin. Conclusion relation between the marginal mandibular branch and adjacent structures is complicated. To understand the relation is important to avoid damaging the structures around the nerve and causing abnormality in lower lip.