遗传因素对青少年血压的影响

目的 分析遗传因素对青少年血压的影响.方法 采用整群抽样方法,对上海市青浦区2所初级中学和2所高级中学的11～ 17岁4175名在校学生采用问卷调查的形式收集父母高血压史,同时测量血压、身高、体质量.调查时发现血压超过正常水平的调查对象,在1个月内复测血压.结果 参加调查的学生共4175名,其中女性2183名(52.3％),男性1992名(47.7％)；血压正常者占72.5％(3025名),女性76.3％(1666名),男性68.3％(1361名),男女比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；正常高值血压占18.0％(750名)女性14.2％(310名),男性22.1％(440名)]；1级高血压为8.3％(344名)女性8.2％(179名),男性8.3％(165名)],2级高血压为1.3％(54名)女性1.3％(28名),男性1.3％(26名)].女性超重和肥胖的检出率分别为6.7％(147名)和3.0％(66名)；男性为13.7％(271名)和6.3％(125名),男女超重比例差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).父亲和/或母亲有高血压史者占13.0％(541名),男性为12.6％(251名),女性为13.3％(290名).高血压遗传背景的检出率在各级血压分组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 遗传因素对青少年高血压无明显影响,超重和肥胖可能与血压水平增高有关.

Influence of genetic factors on adolescent blood pressure

Objective To analyze the influence of genetic factors on adolescent blood pressure. Methods A total of 4175 schoolchildren aged 11-17 years in four schools in Shanghai were assessed in May 2010. All students were visited at school by trained nurses or physicians who administered a questionnaire and carried out an- thropometric measurements. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, heart rate and blood pressure. Repeat measurements were obtained in students with elevated blood pressure in one month. The pre-hypertension/ hypertension was defined on the basis of the 2004 National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group definitions. The overweight and obesity was defined using cutoff points recommended by Working Group of Obesity, China （WGOC）. Results Participants were 15.0 _＋ 1.9 years old, with 52.3% （2183 people） being girls and 47.7% （1992 people） boys. Blood pressure distribution was 72.5% （76.3% for girls and 68.3% for boys） nor- mal, 18.0% （14.2% for girls and 22.1% for boys） pre-hypertension, 8.3% （344 people）stage 1 hypertension 8.2% （179 people） for girls and 8.3% （165 people） for boys] and 1.3% （54 people）stage 2 hypertension 1.3% （28 people）for girls and 1.3% （26 people） for boys]. A prevalence of overweight and obesity were 6.7% （ 147 people） and 3.0% （66 people）for girls; and 13.7% （271 people）and 6.3% （ 125 people）for boys. Father and/or mother with hypertension accounted for 13% （541 people）, 12.6% （251 people）for men, 13.3% （290 people） for female. The hypertension heritability had no significant difference between groups. Conclusion Genetic factors have no significant influence on adolescents hypertension; overweight and obesity may be associated with increased blood pressure level.