二维及彩色多普勒超声对先天性主动脉瓣畸形的鉴别诊断

目的　利用二维及彩色多普勒技术探讨各种先天性主动脉瓣畸形的超声鉴别诊断标准。方法　通过左室长轴、大血管短轴等切面观察主动脉瓣的数目、形态及活动； 通过彩色多普勒直接地观察主动脉瓣的狭窄及关闭不全。结果主动脉瓣二叶畸形时收缩期开放时呈“二”字形， 关闭时呈偏心的“一”字形； 三叶畸形时三个瓣叶有不同程度的改变， 过小、过大或增粗等； 四叶畸形时左室长轴观关闭呈“”型， 短轴呈“十”字形。以上几种先天性主动脉瓣畸形均伴有不同程度的狭窄和关闭不全。结论　二维及彩色多普勒对先天性主动脉瓣畸形的鉴别诊断具有重要意义。

Differential diagnosis of the congenital aortic valve malformation with two-dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler flow imaging

Objective Sixty three patients with congenital aortic valve malformation were examined by two-dimensional echocardiography(2-DE)and color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI).All cases have been done transplanted valve and prothesis.The paper is aimed to establish the standands of echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital aortic valve malformations.Methods We viewed the number、shape and movement of aortic valve were observed by left ventriculer long-axis and great vessels short-axisect section.The stenosis and regurgitation of the aorti valve were given direct observation by CDFI.Results When aortie valve are biduspid，they have the shape of "二" in systole and "一" in diastole；When three valves were malformal they have different shapes，for example，smaller、bigger or stronger echos；When quadricuspid aortic valves appear they closed into the shape of "卐" from the view of left ventricular long-axis，but they form the shape of "+" from the view of great vessels short-axis.The congenital aortic valve malformations mentioned all had different degrees of stenosis and regurgitation.Conclusions 2-DE and CDFI are of great sigrificance in the differential diagnoses of congenital aortic valve malformation.