植物精油及活性成分防控黄曲霉生长及其毒素产生的研究进展

黄曲霉Aspergillus flavus是一种病原性真菌,极易污染中药材、食品和农作物等。黄曲霉次生代谢产生的黄曲霉毒素(aflatoxins,AFT)具有致癌性和剧毒性,给动物和人类的健康带来严重的威胁。因此,寻求黄曲霉及AFT产生的抑制剂受到各国科研工作者的广泛关注。植物精油是一种从高等植物中提取并高度浓缩的天然抑菌剂,具有抑菌效果好、污染小、对人体相对安全等优点。目前,已有研究报道具有抗真菌活性的植物精油主要包括百里香、牛至、紫苏、小茴香等多种精油,其中醇、醛、酚类等活性成分抑真菌效果相对较好。对黄曲霉及AFT的致病性及精油防控的研究进展进行综述,为进一步探究植物精油的抑菌机制以及开发天然、绿色的抑菌产品提供参考。

Research progress on growth of Aspergillus flavus and its toxins production controlled by plant essential oils and its active ingredients

Aspergillus flavus is a pathogenic fungus, which can easily contaminate Chinese herbal medicines, food, and agricultural commodities. Aflatoxin (AFT) produced by the secondary metabolism of A. flavus caused serious threats to the health of people and animals due to its carcinogenic and highly toxic characteristics. Therefore, the search for inhibitors to A. flavus and its toxins has been widely concerned in the world. Essential oil is a natural antifungal agent extracted and highly concentrated from higher plants. It has the advantages of good antifungal effect, low pollution, and relatively safe to human body. Some kinds of them, including Thymus vulgaris, Origanum virens, Perilla frutescens, Foeniculum vulgare, and so on, displayed their antifungal activities. Specifically, active ingredients such as alcohols, aldehydes, and phenols have relatively good antifungal effects. The research progress on pathogenicity of A. flavus and AFT and the prevention and control by essential oils are reviewed in this article, which provided a reference for further exploring the antifungal mechanism of essential oils and developing natural and green antifungal products.