重庆市江津区社区医院住院人群人芽囊原虫感染情况及其影响因素分析

目的　了解重庆市江津区住院人群人芽囊原虫感染情况及其影响因素。方法　采用横断面调查的方法对重庆市江津区某社区医院住院人群进行问卷调查，并采集粪便和血液样本，进行镜检和PCR检测。采用单因素分析和logistic回归分析对人芽囊原虫感染的影响因素进行分析。结果　共调查198名住院患者，人芽囊原虫感染率为10.61%（21/198），女性感染率（12.10%）高于男性（8.11%），但差异无统计学意义。10 ~ 20岁年龄组感染率最高，为19.23%；其次为60岁以上年龄组，为17.74%；20 ~ 40岁年龄组患者感染率最低，为2.38%；不同年龄组患者人芽囊原虫感染率差异有统计学意义（[χ2] = 9.538，P = 0.035）。家庭厕所为旱厕的患者人芽囊原虫感染率显著高于家庭厕所为水冲厕所的患者（33.30%和9.10%；[χ2] = 4.908，P = 0.027）。感染的人芽囊原虫基因型有ST1、ST3、ST6和ST7 4种基因型，以ST6和ST3型为主，分别占47.62%（10/21）和38.10%（8/21）；其中男性感染的基因型仅有ST3型和ST6型。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，家庭中是否饲养宠物是影响人芽囊原虫感染的重要因素之一[OR = 3.798，95% CI（1.245，11.581），P < 0.05]。结论　重庆市江津区社区住院人群人芽囊原虫感染率较高，主要基因型为ST6型和ST3型，饲养宠物可能是影响人芽囊原虫感染的主要因素之一。

Prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infection in inpatients in Jiangjin District,Chongqing City

Objective　To understand the prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infection in inpatients in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City. Methods　A cross?sectional study was conducted in a community hospital in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City, and the inpatients were surveyed by questionnaires. After obtaining the informed consent from the inpatients or legal guardians, the stool and blood samples were collected and examined by microscopy and PCR from April 17 to May 1, 2018. The univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of the B. hominis infection. Results　A total of 198 hospitalized patients were investigated, and the infection rate of B. hominis was 10.61% (21/198), and the infection rate of the females (12.10%) was higher than that of the males (8.11%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The highest rate of infection was 19.23% in the age group of 10 to 20 years, followed by 17.74% in the age group of 60 years and above, and the lowest rate was 2.38% in the age group of 20 to 40 years. The difference in infection rates of B. hominis among the different age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The infection rate of B. hominis in the people who used dry pail latrines was 33.30%, which was higher than that of the people who used water flush toilets (9.10%) (P < 0.05). The genotypes of B. hominis were ST1, ST3, ST6 and ST7, and ST6 and ST3 being the most predominant genotypes which accounted for 47.62% (10/21) and 38.10% (8/21) respectively, and among the infected males, the genotypes were only ST3 and ST6. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that among the factors affecting B. hominis infection, only keeping pets was a risk factor [OR = 3.798, 95% CI (1.245, 11.581), P < 0.05]. Conclusion　A high prevalence of B. hominis infection is found in the inpatients in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City, the predominant genotypes are ST6 and ST3, and keeping pets may be one of the main risk factors.