不同产地北柴胡中柴胡皂苷含量与土壤因子的关系

目的土壤是影响中药材活性成分形成和积累的重要生态因子,以11个省市自治区29个样地野生和栽培北柴胡Bupleurum chinense为研究材料,采用数学统计分析方法探讨柴胡皂苷积累与土壤因子的关系,为实施土壤生态调控提高北柴胡品质提供依据。方法采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析不同产地北柴胡柴胡皂苷a、c、d、e、f的含量;采用常规方法测定土壤样品的pH、有机质、电导率、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效镁、有效铁、有效铜、有效锰;通过聚类分析研究不同产地北柴胡皂苷差异;通过主成分分析解释不同产地土壤因子差异;通过Pearson相关性分析研究土壤因子与北柴胡柴胡皂苷含量的关系。结果北柴胡的柴胡皂苷测定结果显示河南禹州的柴胡皂苷含量最高,其中柴胡皂苷a和d的含量分别为0.71%、0.80%。对不同产地进行聚类分析,根据柴胡皂苷差异29个样地分为3类。对柴胡皂苷含量与土壤因子进行Pearson相关性分析表明,土壤的有机质、有效铁与各柴胡皂苷之间呈极显著正相关(P0.01),有效铜、有效镁与各柴胡皂苷之间呈显著负相关(P0.05)。不同产地土壤主成分分析表明,得分较高的是样地9、10、11、14、19、28,这与不同产地北柴胡柴胡皂苷含量聚类分析的结果基本一致;通过对不同产地北柴胡主要土壤指标分析发现,在一定范围内土壤中有效铁含量与柴胡皂苷含量显著正相关,这与Pearson相关性分析结果基本一致。结论研究结果提示在北柴胡生产实践中可以通过提高土壤有机质含量,增施铁肥等农艺措施调控北柴胡柴胡皂苷含量。

Effects of soil factors on saikosaponin content of Bupleurum chinense in different habitats

Objective Soil is an important factor affecting the formation and accumulation of active ingredients in Chinese medicinal herbs. Taking 29 sample wild and cultivated Bupleurum chinense of 11 areas as study materails, using mathematical statistical analysis methods to explore the relationship between saikosaponin accumulation and soil factors in order to improve the quality of B. chinense by soil ecological regulation. Methods HPLC analysis of the contents of saikosaponins a, c, d, e, and f from different habitats; pH, organic matter, conductivity, soil water, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, effective calcium, effective magnesium, effective iron, effective copper, and effective manganese were determined by conventional soil physicochemical property assay methods, cluster analysis method was used to analyze the content of saikosaponin from different habitats, analysis of the relationship between soil factors and the content of saikosaponin by Pearson correlation analysis, analysis of soil factors using principal component analysis. Results Determination of saikosaponin showed that higher content of saikosaponin in Henan province (habitat 5, habitat 6), total content of saikosaponin a and saikosaponin d in habitat10 was 5.16 times the national standard.Cluster analysis of B. chinense from different origins, according to the content of saikosaponin, the B. chinense from 29 habitats were grouped into three types. Pearson correlation analysis of saikosaponin content and soil factors that the organic matter in the soil was significantly positively correlated with saponin a and total saponins (P < 0.05), there was a significant positive correlation between available zinc and available iron and each saikosaponin (P < 0.05) properly improve the organic matter, effective zinc, effective ironcontent in the soil can promote the accumulation of saikosaponin.Analysis of the principal components of soil from different habitats, the higher score was habitat 9, habitat 10, habitat 11, habitat 14, habitat 19, habitat 28. This is basically consistent with the results of cluster analysis of saikosaponin content. Based on the analysis of the main soil indicators of B. chinense from different habitats that in a certain range, the higher organic and effective zinc content, the more favorable were the accumulation of saikosaponins. This was basically consistent with the results of Pearson correlation analysis. Conclusion These results indicated enhancement of organic matter, effective zinc, in the soil can improve the saikosaponin content in cultivated B. chinense.