上海市松江区血吸虫病传播阻断后34年监测结果分析

目的　分析1985–2018年上海市松江区血吸虫病传播阻断后监测数据，为今后开展血吸虫病防治工作提供科学依据。方法　收集1985–2018年上海市松江区血吸虫病传播阻断后的钉螺调查、人群和家畜监测查病、健康教育等资料，并对数据进行描述性分析。结果　1985–2018年上海市松江区共监测发现有钉螺分布镇8个、有螺村68个，有螺环境1 462处、总面积96.399 hm2；其中在原血吸虫病非流行区新查出有螺镇4个、有螺村59个，新发现有螺面积60.161 hm2。共查获钉螺26 148只，未发现血吸虫感染性钉螺。有钉螺分布环境以河道、沟渠和田地滩为主，分别占45.28%、 33.17%和21.55%。共开展人群血吸虫病血清学检测245 955人·次，血检阳性率为0.03%；开展血吸虫病原学检测37人，发现血吸虫感染者3例，均为外来输入性慢性血吸虫病例。开展家畜血清学检测9 109头·次，未发现血吸虫感染家畜。居民和学生血防知识知晓率和正确行为形成率多数年份达80%以上。结论　上海市松江区血吸虫病防治成果总体巩固，但仍有残存钉螺、钉螺扩散、外来传染源输入等血吸虫病传播与流行风险因素存在。今后应及时调整监测重点，加强钉螺和传染源监测控制。

Surveillance of schistosomiasis 34 years after transmission?interruption in Songjiang District,Shanghai City

Objective　To analyze the surveillance data after schistosomiasis transmission interruption from 1985 to 2018, so as to provide scientific basis for the future prevention and control of schistosomiasis. Methods　The data pertaining to snail survey, surveillance of schistosomiasis in humans and livestock, and health education were collected and analyzed in Songjiang District after schistosomiasis transmission interruption from 1985 to 2018. Results　From 1985 to 2018, there were 8 townships, 68 villages and 1 462 settings with snails in Songjiang District, covering an area of 96.399 hm2. There were 4 townships and 59 villages with snails newly identified in previously schistosomiasis non?endemic areas, with emerging snail habitats of 60.161 hm2. A total of 26 148 snails were captured, and no infections were detected. The snail habitats were mainly distributed in the river course, ditches and farmlands, which accounted for 45.28%, 33.17% and 21.55% of total snail habitats, respectively. A total of 245 955 humans were subjected to the serological test, with a positive rate of 0.03%, and 37 humans were subjected to the parasitological test, with 3 positives detected. These three egg?positives were all imported chronic cases with schistosomiasis. A total of 9 109 livestock were detected using the serological test, and no infection was found. Most of the awareness rate of schistosomiasis control knowledge and the rate of correct behavior formation were over 80% in residents and students. Conclusions　The achievements of schistosomiasis control are consolidated in Songjiang District; however, there are still risk factors of schistosomiasis transmission, including residual snails, snail diffusion and importation of external source of infection. The future surveillance of schistosomiasis should focus on snails and sources of infection.