Cancer, soleil et UV. Quelle protection ?

Skin cancer is the most frequently occurring malignancy. It is influenced by an individual’s susceptibility factors (phototype and pigmentary traits) and exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation, although the type of exposure (high intensity and short duration vs. chronic) and pattern of exposure (continuous vs. intermittent) may differ among the three main types of skin cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma is influenced by chronic exposure, while basal cell carcinoma and melanoma are influenced by intermittent exposure, especially during childhood. Artificial UV tanning increases the risk of melanoma and squamous cell carcinomas. The prevention of skin cancer is based on reducing exposure to the sun (seeking shadow and using clothing). There is limited evidence suggesting that the use of sunscreen can prevent squamous cell carcinoma, but its role in preventing basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma remains uncertain. The use of sunscreen can lead to longer periods of sun exposure. Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation has been shown to reduce the incidence and lethality of some cancers (breast, colon, prostate and lymphomas). A mechanism involving vitamin D has been hypothesised and is currently under investigation.