江西省鄱阳湖区血吸虫病传播风险及其原因分析

目的分析江西省鄱阳湖区血吸虫病传播风险及其原因，为进一步推进以传染源控制为主的策略提供科学依据。方法收集鄱阳湖区新建、南昌、都昌、星子、余干和鄱阳等6县2005—2008年血吸虫病疫情资料、国家级监测点资料及传染源控制措施实施情况，分析疫情变化趋势及与传染源控制因素的相关性。结果2005～2008年鄱阳湖区人畜感染率持续下降，但钉螺感染率呈升高趋势，且感染螺环境出现率维持在较高水平。相关性分析表明：感染螺环境出现率、钉螺感染率、感染螺面积均与当年及上一年的当地牛存栏数呈正相关关系，且后者相关系数高于前者；牛感染率与居民感染率呈正相关关系。结论鄱阳湖区血吸虫病传播风险仍然较高。当地敞放的牛仍为血吸虫病传播的主要传染源，是造成钉螺感染水平较高的主要原因。

Causes and risks of schistosomiasis transmission in Poyang Lake region of Jiangxi Province, China

Objective To understand the causes and risks of schistosomiasis transmission in Poyang Lake region, and provide the scientific evidence for further promotion of the strategies on infectious sources control. Methods The information and data were collected from schistosomiasis control and national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in 6 counties, namely Xinjian, Nachang, Duchang, Xingzi, Yugang, Poyang, around Poyang Lake from 2005 to 2008, and the correlation between the transmission status of schistosomiasis and relevant factors to the infectious sources control was analyzed. Results The infection rates of residents and cattle declined overall from 2005 to 2008. However, the infection rate of Oncomelania snails showed a tendency of rising from 2005 to 2008, and the emergence rate of infected snail sites maintained at a high level on the whole. The emergence rate of infected snail sites, the infection rate of snails, and the areas with infected snails were positively correlated with the number of cattle in the same year and the previous year, respectively. The correlation coefficient of infected snail data with the number of cattle in the previous year was higher than that in the same year. The infection rate of cattle was positively correlated with the infection rate of residents. Conclusions The risk of schistosomiasis transmission remains at a high level. The local open-grazing cattle are still the main infectious sources for the contamination to the snail habitats which cause the transmission of schistosomiasis in the region.