Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Uganda |
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Authors: | Andreas Kuznik Mohammed Lamorde Sabine Hermans Barbara Castelnuovo Brandon Auerbach Aggrey Semeere Joseph Sempa Mark Ssennono Fred Ssewankambo Yukari C Manabe |
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Institution: | aPfizer Inc., New York, United States of America (USA).;bInfectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, PO Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda.;cDepartment of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.;dHarvard Medical School, Boston, USA. |
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Abstract: | ObjectiveTo model the cost-effectiveness in Uganda of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).MethodsThe cost-effectiveness of ART was evaluated on the assumption that ART reduces the risk of an HIV-positive pregnant woman transmitting HIV to her baby from 40% (when the woman is left untreated) to 25.8%, 17.4% and 3.8%, respectively, when the woman is given: (i) single-dose nevirapine (at an estimated total drug cost of 0.06 United States dollars US$]); (ii) dual therapy with zidovudine and lamivudine for 7 weeks (at a total drug cost of US$ 15.63); or (iii) ART for 18 months (at a total annual cost of US$ 469.77). Lifetime ART (US$ 6883), recommended for pregnant women with 350 CD4+ T lymphocytes per mm3, was assumed to give the same reduction in transmission risk in each subsequent pregnancy.FindingsCompared with single-dose nevirapine, dual therapy and no therapy, 18 months of ART averted 5.21, 3.22 and 8.58 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), respectively, at a cost of US$ 46, US$ 99 and US$ 34 per DALY averted. The corresponding figures for lifetime ART are, respectively, 19.20, 11.87 and 31.60 DALYs averted, at a cost of US$ 205, US$ 354 and US$ 172 per DALY averted.ConclusionIn Uganda, ART appears highly cost-effective for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission, even if continued over the patients’ lifetimes. Given the additional public health benefits of ART, efforts to ensure that all HIV-positive pregnant women have access to lifelong ART should be intensified. |
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