抑郁症个体反事实思维特征的实验研究

目的探讨抑郁症个体反事实思维的特征及其与抑郁症状形成的关系。方法采用Zung编制的自评抑郁量表对被试进行筛选，获得21例有抑郁症状个体，并随机选择21名正常被试作为无抑郁组；用自我报告法让被试报告个人经历中让自己感到内疚或羞愧的事件，以指导语诱发被试的反事实思维；根据Niedenthal等的研究对被试的反事实思维进行归类。结果2组被试整体的反事实思维归类比较，差异有统计学意义（X^2=13．31，P〈0．01）。抑郁组和无抑郁组被试反事实思维的自我策略分别为73．8％、47．9％，2组比较差异有统计学意义（X^2=11．01，P〈0．01）；情景策略分别为8．3％、27．4％，2组比较差异有统计学意义（X^2=9．97，P〈0．01）；行为策略分别为17．9％、24．7％，2组比较差异无统计学意义（X^2=1．09，P〉0．05）。结论抑郁症个体对负性生活事件的反事实思维存在自我偏向，这可能是导致抑郁症状形成的重要因素。

Experimental Study of Characteristics of Counterfactual Thinking in Depressive Individuals

Objeetive To explore the characteristics of counterfactual thinking in depressed individuals and its relation with depressive syndrome. Method This study firstly employed Zung＇s self-rating depression scale （SDS）to select participants, a total of 21 college depressive students and 21 health ones（control group） were selected as the subjects for this study; then the subjects were required to recall a shame or guilty event which happened in their everyday life＇ and instructions were offered to induce the subjects＇ counterfactual thinking; lastly, the subjects＇ counterfactual thinking were categorizd into three types following Niedenthal＇s study. Resuits There is statistical significance in the differene between the depressive group and health group about categories of the whole counterfactual thinking（X^2= 13.31 ,P〈0.01） ; so does self-related strategy of the two groups has statistical significance（73.8% vs. 47.9% ,X^2=11.01 ,P〈0.01） ; the situational strategy of the two groups （8.3% vs. 27.4% ,X^2=9.97 ,P〈0.01） ; behavioral strategy of the two groups shows no statistical significance （17.9% vs. 24.7 % ,X^2= 1.09,P〉0.05）. Conclusion The individuals have self-bias on the negative life event in counterfactual thinking. This may be one of main factors which result in depression.