款冬花氮磷钾吸收特性研究

目的：研究款冬花氮磷钾吸收特性。方法：测定不同生育时期的款冬花各器官的氮磷钾含量，结合干物质积累规律进行分析。结果：60～80d是叶片生长旺盛时期，80～100d是根茎部位生长旺盛时期，两者养分的累积速率都是氮〉钾〉磷；100～160d是植株养分需求的高峰时期，氮磷钾累积量均在全生育期的60％左右；180～220d之间，花蕾氮磷钾累积速率最大；整个生育期养分总累积量为钾〉氮〉磷，氮：磷：钾为4．00：1：4．29，需要氮41．693kg／667m^2，P20510．414kg／667m^2，K2044．709kg／667m^2，即每生产1kg干花，需消耗氮0．836kg，P2050．209kg，K200．897kg。结论：6月上旬和7月下旬应追肥一次以满足植株营养形态建成需求。9月中下旬宜追肥一次，以提高花的产量。每次追肥都应该氮磷钾兼施，尤其应保证钾肥的供应。

Absorption of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium by Tussilago Farfara L

This study aimed to reveal the absorption characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by Tussilago farfara L. The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content in different organs of T. farfara L. was assayed in various growth stages, and analyzed with reference to the dry matter accumulation rule. The active growth was observed from day 60 to d 80 after seeding for leaves, while from day 80 to day 100 for stems and roots, with the nutrition accumulation rate of nitrogen 〉potassium〉 phosphorus for both of them. The uptake percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from day 100 to day 160 accounted for about 60% of the total uptake. From day 180 to 220, the accumulation rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reached their peak in buds. During the whole growth process, the K2O uptake was the highest （44.709kg/667m^2）, followed by nitrogen （41.693kg/667m^2）, and the lowest P2Os （10.414 kg/ 667m^2）, with the rate of nitrogen：P2O5：K2O being 4.00：1：4,29. The production of lkg dry flowers consumed 0.836 kg nitrogen, 0.209kg P2O5, and 0.897kg K2O are required. The results showed that three topdressings of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are necessary during June, July and September, so as to increase the yield of T. farfara L.