儿童焦虑症状与性别、年龄的关系

目的 探讨儿童焦虑症状随性别、年龄的变化趋势及焦虑症状与性别、年龄之间的关系.方法 在小学和初中随机抽取4 200名7～15岁的儿童,进行儿童焦虑障碍自评量表（SCARED）的测量,并按年龄分组,分析性别和年龄与自评量表得分之间的关系.结果 各焦虑维度评分及焦虑总分在性别与年龄之间均有交互作用（P＜0.05）;男、女儿童不同年龄组的各焦虑维度评分及焦虑总分差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;10～11岁年龄组分离性维度（t=-2.591,P=0.010）、社交维度（t=-3.573,P=0.00）、焦虑总分（t=-2.288,P=0.022）,以及14 ～ 15岁年龄组躯体化维度（t=-2.349,P=0.019）、广泛性维度（t=-4.65,P=0.00）、分离性维度（t=-4.513,P=0.00）、社交维度（t=-5.25,P=0.00）、学校维度（t=-2.073,P=0.039）、焦虑总分（t=-5.057,P=0.00）均女生高于男生.结论 性别、年龄对儿童焦虑症状的交互作用明显;男、女儿童焦虑症状均随年龄发生变化,但呈现不同变化趋势,随年龄增长男生的焦虑症状减轻而女生的焦虑症状增多;女生焦虑症状明显于男生,尤其在14～15年龄段.

The relationship of children anxiety symptoms with gender and age

Objective To study the changing trend of children＇s anxiety symptoms with gender and age,as well as the its relationhship with gender and age.Method 4200 children aged 7 to 15 years old randomly screened from primary school and junior high school were assessed with the Screen of Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorder （SCARED）.All the children were divided into 4 groups according to their age to analyze the relationship of score of SCARED with gender and age.Results There were interaction effects between sex and age on all dimensional scores and total score of SCARED （P ＜ 0.05）.There was significant gender difference in all dimensional scores and total score of SCARED in all the 4 age groups （P ＜ 0.01）.Schoolgirls showed significantly higher scores than schoolboys in total score of SCARED （t =-2.288,P =0.022） and the dimensional scores of separation （t =-2.591,P =0.010）,social communication （t =-3.573,P =0.00） in 10 ～ 11 years old group,as well as in total score of SCARED （t =-5.057,P =0.00） and dimensional scores of somatization （t =-2.349,P =0.019）,generality （t =-4.65,P =0.00）,separation （t =-4.513,P =0.00）,social communication （t =-5.25,P =0.00）,behavior at school （t =-2.073,P =0.039） in 14 ～ 15 years old group.Conclusion Gender and age have obvious interactive effect on anxiety symptoms in children.The anxiety symptoms change with age,but there is different changing trend between boys and girls.With the age increasing,anxiety symptoms attenuate in boys but augment in girls.Anxiety symptoms of girls are more severe than that of boys,especially in 14 ～ 15 years old.