胸腰椎爆裂性骨折并脊髓损伤的外科治疗

目的 探讨胸腰椎爆裂性骨折并脊髓损伤中前、后路手术方式的选择及其并发症的预防.方法 自2000年1月至2006年12月共收治胸腰椎爆裂性骨折并脊髓损伤患者107例,根据McCormack评分:46例行前路减压内固定术(前路手术组),61例行后路减压短节段椎弓根内同定术(后路手术组).术前Frankel分级:A级7例,B级16例,C级39例,D级45例.利用重复测世检验和方差分析对手术前、后骨折高度恢复情况进行统计学分析.结果 97例患者获6个月-7年(平均2.8年)随访.两组中,Frankel A级患者神经功能无恢复,其余均获1-3级神经功能恢复,但后路手术组中2例患者术后神经功能减低,6个月后恢复.前路手术组脊柱Cobb角术前、术后及随访期未分别为23.7°±7.9°、10.6°±3.4°、13.1°±3.5°,差异有统计学意义(F=71.07,P＜0.01);后路手术组脊柱Cobb角分别为16.3°±5.6°、8.4°±2.0°、11.7°±2.5°,差异有统计学意义(F=61.81,P＜0.01).前路手术组中股外侧皮神经损伤2例,血气胸1例;后路手术组中棒脱落1例,椎弓根钉偏人椎管刺激神经根引起根性疼痛2例,螺钉松动3例.结论 前路减压内固定是胸腰椎爆裂性骨折并脊髓损伤的首选,McCormack评分总分小于7分者可考虑行后路减压短节段椎弓根钉内固定.恰当地选择手术方式、小心操作及恰当的康复治疗是减少并发症的必要条件.

Operative procedures for thoraco-lumbar burst fractures coupled with neurological dysfunction

Objective To explore the indications of anterior and posterior approach operations for unstable thoraco-lumbar fractures coupled with neurologic deficits and prevention of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Methods We investigated 107 consecutive eases of thoraco-lumbar fractures coupled with spinal cord injury who had been operated on from January 2000 to December 2006.Their average age was 37.8(range.17 to 78) years old. They were 71 males and 36 females. Anterior approach was selected for 46 cases and posterior approach for 61 cases according to their McCormack grades. By the Frankle system for neurologie deficits, 7 cases were graded as A,16 as B,39 as C and 45 as D. Fracture height vecoveries before and after surgery were analyzed statistically. Kyphotic deformity was assessed on lateraJ radiographs using the Cobb method. Results The mean follow-up of 97 cases was 2.8(range,0.5 to 6) years. In both groups. All the cases gained at least 1 grade improvement except those with Frankle grade A. The mean kyphotic angles before operation, after operation and at the latest follow-up were 23.7°,10.6°and13.1°respectively, with significant differences(P＜0.01),in the anterior approach group, while 16.3°,8.4°and 11.7°respectively, with significant differences(P＜0.01),in the posterior approach group. Some complications, such as deficit of cutaneous nerve of thigh, appeared in the 2 groups. Conclusions In treatment of unstable thoraco-lumbar fractures coupled with neurologic deficits, the anterior approach may be better than the posterior approach. The posterior approach can be applied for the cases with less than 7 points in McCormack index. Correct selection of operative approach, careful operation and good rehabilitation after operation are necessary for the prevention of complications.