上海社区妇女控烟相关KAP干预效果分析

目的　对比上海社区妇女项目前后控烟的知识、态度、行为 (KAP)状况 ,以评估脑卒中社区防治优化项目的相关干预效果。方法　于 2 0 0 0年和 1998年分别对干预、对照组共 45 99名妇女进行 KAP问卷调查。结果　当地妇女对吸烟的心血管危害了解甚少 ,项目干预效果在知识方面较易体现在吸烟的呼吸系统危害和文化程度较高者身上 ,且主要改善了对吸烟、被动吸烟和孕妇吸烟“有轻、中度危害”的认识 ,而对此持“重度危害”态度者在公共场合劝阻吸烟和劝说周围人戒烟的行为上可观察到项目的干预效果。建议控烟健康教育需拓宽吸烟的心血管危害这一“瓶颈”,提高社区妇女对烟草危害严重性的认识以改善控烟的社会环境 ,宜借助社会传播学和性别理论改进控烟的社区干预。

Intervention impact on smoking control related KAP of communitywomen in Shanghai, China

To evaluate intervention impact of prevention and treatment of cerebral apoplexia in Shanghai Communities on smoking control related KAP of local women.Methods: Fieldwork was conducted in years of 2000 and 1998 respectively ,and subjects were divided into treatment and control groups. Sample size is 4 599.Results:In terms of harm of smoking,local women knew more about respiratory-system related harm and to well-educated women .The intervention also improved attitudes associated to mild harm of smoking, passive smoking and pregnant smoking while women who realized the severity of tabacco smoking tended to persuade smokers to stop smoking in public and their acquaintance to give up smoking.Suggestions:Knowledge of cardiovascular-system related harm is a “boggleneck” in health education of smoking control.It is important to improve attitudes toward the severity of tabacco smoking in order to strengthen social environment of smoking control and necessary to introduce social communication and gender theory to improve relevant community intervention.