低位直肠癌保肛手术后发生吻合口漏的原因及处理

目的:探讨低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口漏的原因及合理有效的防治方法。方法:对我院近10年来出现的低位直肠癌全系膜切除低位吻合手术后吻合口漏的发生及治疗情况进行回顾性分析。对吻合口漏的患者采用手术及保守治疗(骶前双腔管冲洗引流加肛管引流)。结果:共行低位保肛手术348例,术后发生吻合口漏11例,吻合口漏的发生率为3.2%。患者的年龄、吻合技术和肿瘤组织学分型与吻合口漏的发生无关。而患者的性别、肿瘤的大小与吻合口漏的发生密切相关(P<0.05)。11例患者中有3例行手术治疗(HA手术),8例采用保守治疗后均痊愈出院,吻合口漏发生至出院时间平均为10～15d。结论:充分的术前准备和良好的吻合技术是防止吻合口漏发生的关键。正确判断吻合口漏的发生及采用正确的处理方法是治疗的前提,双腔引流管加肛管引流是保守治疗吻合口漏的有效方法。

Reason and treatment of anastomotic leakage after anus-preserved operation for low rectal cancer

Objective:To study the reason and effective treatment of anastomotic leakage after anus-preserved operation for low rectal cancer. Methods:Selected anastomotic leakage cases after anus-preserved operation for low rectal cancer were from March 1996 to April 2006 in our hospital;data were analyzed and compared retrospectively. Irrigation and drainage through presacral double-cavity tube and operation were used in patients respectively. Results:11 patients were found anastomotic leakage in 348 anus-preserved operation cases (incidence rate was 3.2%). Sex and size of tumor were related to the anastomotic leakage (P<0.05), while age , anastomotic technique and histology type of tumor were not related to leakage. The 11 patients were all recovered after treatment (3 patients were treated by operation and others used irrigation and drainage), all patients could be discharged at an average of 10~15 d after anastomotic leakage occurred. Conclusion:Satisfying provision before operation and perfect anastomotic technology play key roles in preventing anastomotic leakage, correct judgement and valid method are premise of cure.Irrigation and drainage through presacral double-cavity tube is a simple, safe and less suffering method to treat anastomotic leakage after anus-preserved operation for low rectal cancer.