多发性骨髓瘤骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性分析

为了研究多发性骨髓瘤（multiple myeloma，MM）病人骨髓间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells，MSC）的病理生物学特性，以探讨MSC在MM骨损伤发生中的作用，取11例初治MM病人和5例正常人骨髓，用贴壁法体外分离培养MSC。应用流式细胞术分析MM骨髓MSC表型，MTT法检测MSC增殖能力，组织化学染色测定细胞向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞分化能力。应用酶联免疫吸附实验（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）测定细胞培养上清液中白介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）和干细胞生长因子（stem cell factor，SCF）浓度。收集MSC培养上清作为条件培养液，按梯度浓度加入人SKO007骨髓瘤细胞系培养体系中，MTT法测定细胞增殖能力差异。结果表明：与正常人骨髓MSC比较，MM患者骨髓MSC的表型无改变，均一表达CD29、CD73、CD166和HLA-ABC，不表达CD45和CD31；MM患者骨髓MSC增殖和分化能力正常，且具有相似的成骨和成脂肪分化功能；MM骨髓MSC分泌IL-6和SCF的水平均明显高于正常；MM来源的MSC培养上清显著促进SKO007细胞的增殖。结论：MM患者骨髓MSC的增殖分化功能正常，MM时骨损伤可能与MSC分化功能无关，而IL-6和SCF高表达为骨髓瘤细胞提供了必要的生存信号。

Biological Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow of Patients with Multiple Myeloma

The study was purposed to explore the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the pathogenesis of bone disease particularly observed in multiple myeloma (MM), the biological features of marrow derived MSCs from patients with MM have been investigated. Marrow aspirates were harvested from 11 newly diagnosed patients with MM and 5 normal adults and MSCs were isolated and culture-expanded by the cell properties of adherence to plastic flasks, The phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometric technique. The proliferation of MSCs was observed by MTT assay and their differentiation capacities into osteoblasts and adipoblasts were assessed with lineage-specific histochemical staining. The concentrations of IL-6 and SCF in the culture supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MSC culture supernatants were collected and MTT assay was performed to evaluate their support on the proliferation of an MM cell line SKO007 cells. The results showed that bone marrow-derived MSCs from MM patients were homogenously positive for CD29, CD73, CD166 and HLA-ABC and negative for hematopoietic cell marker CD45 and endothelial cell marker CD31, the phenotype of which was similar to that of marrow counterparts from normal adults. MTT assay indicated that MSCs from MM patients or normal adults proliferated at similar rates. MSCs from MM patients occupied in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic capacity as those from normal adults. The levels of IL-6 and SCF in culture supernatant were greatly up-regulated in MM patients by ELISA assay. Furthermore, MSC culture supernatants from MM bone marrow displayed enhanced activity to promote the proliferation of SKO007 cells. It is concluded that marrow-derived MSCs from bone marrow of MM patients are normal in their proliferation and differentiation capacities, and myeloma bone disease may not be ascribed to the differentiation of MSCs while the elevated secretion of IL-6 and SCF may provide necessary cues for the survival of malignant myeloma cells.