带腓浅神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣的应用解剖

目的：提供带腓浅神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣的形态学依据。方法：在３２侧成人下肢标本上，观测了腓浅神经及其营养血管、周围皮肤的血供情况。结果：腓浅神经（皮下段）近侧的血供为腓浅动脉深支的皮动脉、第１支肌间隔动脉，起始处外径分别为０．８ｍｍ、１．１ｍｍ；第１支肌间隔动脉穿出深筋膜前长为１．８ｃｍ。远侧则为腓动脉穿支之升支、降支的皮支和足背动脉皮支，起始处外径分别为０．９ｍｍ、０．７ｍｍ和０．８ｍｍ，穿出深筋膜前长分别为１．２ｃｍ、０．７ｃｍ和０．８ｃｍ。其神经支在神经干内或旁彼此吻合，构成纵向链式血管网，并借分支与皮肤、皮下及筋膜血管网沟通。结论：可设计带皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣，顺行或逆行转位修复邻近部位软组织缺损

Applied anatomy of fasciocutaneous flap pedicled with superficial peroneal nerve and its nutrient vessels

Objective: To provide anatomic basis of fasciocutaneous flap pedicled with the superficial peroneal nerve and its nutrient vessels.Methods:The superficial peroneal nerve and the blood supply of its nutrient vessels and adjacent skin were observed and measured on 16 adult cadavers. Results:The proximal subcutaneous segment of superficial peroneal nerve was nourished by cutaneous arteries of deep branches of superficial peroneal artery and the first intermuscular septal artery with the diameters of 0.8 mm and 1.1 mm in origin respectively.The length of latter was 1.8 cm before perforating through deep fascia.The blood supply of the distal part of the nerve was provided by cutaneous branches of ascending and descending branches of perforating branch of peroneal artery, and the cutaneous branch of dorsal pedal artery,with the diameters of 0.9 mm 0.7 mm 0.8 mm in origin and the lengths of 1.2 cm 0.7 cm 0.8 cm before perforating through deep fascia respectively.A longitudinal vascular network was formed by those nutrient vessels of the nerve, and anastomosed with cutaneous,subcutaneous and fascial vessels.Conclusions:This type of flap (direct or retrograde) could be designed and be used for repairing adjacent soft tissue defects.