膀胱低度恶性潜能乳头状尿路上皮肿瘤的复发进展因素分析

目的探讨膀胱低度恶性潜能乳头状尿路上皮肿瘤(papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential,PUNLMP)的病理特点及复发进展因素。方法回顾性分析空军军医大学第一附属医院2009年2月至2019年2月收治的150例膀胱PUNLMP患者的病例资料。男118例,女32例。年龄57(20~93)岁。单发肿瘤112例,多发肿瘤38例。所有患者均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(transurethral resection of the bladder tumor,TURBT),术后136例行膀胱灌注化疗(吡柔比星方案61例、吉西他滨方案58例、表柔比星方案11例、丝裂霉素方案11例),14例未行膀胱灌注化疗。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析确定膀胱PUNLMP患者TURBT术后复发、病理进展的独立预测因素。结果本研究150例术后随访25.6(5.5~122.7)个月,21例复发(复发组),复发时间为23.1(2.2~108.3)个月;12例病理进展(进展组),分别进展为低级别非浸润性乳头状尿路上皮癌9例,高级别非浸润性乳头状尿路上皮癌1例,高级别浸润性尿路上皮癌1例,鳞癌1例,进展时间为21.5(2.2~56.3)个月。150例中,18例病理检查提示伴有内翻性生长模式的患者均未复发。复发组初发肿瘤数量1、2、≥3个者分别为7、4、10例,未复发组(129例)分别为105、10、14例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。复发组和未复发组肿瘤长径分别为2.0(1.0~3.8)cm和1.6(0.3~5.0)cm,差异有统计学意义(P=0.040)。进展组初发肿瘤数量1、2、≥3个者分别为4、3、5例,未进展组(138例)分别为108、11、19例,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。进展组和未进展组肿瘤长径分别为2.3(1.0~3.8)cm和1.7(0.3~5.0)cm,差异有统计学意义(P=0.046)。单因素和多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤数量是膀胱PUNLMP患者TURBT术后肿瘤复发(OR=7.884,95%CI 2.815~22.082,P<0.05)和进展(OR=6.107,95%CI 1.659~22.473,P=0.006)的独立预测因素,而膀胱灌注化疗与术后复发(OR=1.026,95%CI 0.213~4.950,P=0.974)和进展(OR=2.100,95%CI 0.412~10.713,P=0.372)无相关性。结论膀胱PUNLMP患者TURBT术后肿瘤复发率约14%,其中约50%的患者发生病理进展,多进展为低级别非浸润性乳头状尿路上皮癌。初发肿瘤为多发是膀胱PUNLMP患者术后复发和进展的独立危险因素。膀胱灌注化疗不能降低膀胱PUNLMP患者复发和进展风险。

Recurrence and progression factors of papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential

Objective To investigate the pathological characteristics of bladder low malignant potential papillary urothelial tumors(PUNLMP)and the predic factors of recurrence and pathological progress.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 150 patients of bladder PUNLMP in the Department of Urology of Xijing Hospital from February 2009 to February 2019.Among the 150 patients,118 patients were males and 32 patients were females.The average age was 57 years,ranging 20-93 years.There were 112 cases of single tumor and 38 cases of multiple tumor.All patients received transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT)and 136 patients received bladder infusion chemotherapy,including 61 patients for pirarubicin,58 patients for gemcitabine,11 patients for epirubicin,and 11 patients for mitomycin.14 patients did not receive bladder infusion chemotherapy.In this study,univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to investigate independent predictors of recurrence and pathological progression in patients of bladder PUNLMP who received TURBT.Results The average follow-up time was 25.6 months,ranging 5.5-122.7 months.Among the patients,21 patients occurred recurrence.The recurrent duration ranged from 2.2 to 108.3 months(mean 23.1 months).12 patients had pathological progression,including 9 patients for low-grade non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma,1 patient for high-grade non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma,1 patient for high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma,1 patient for squamous cell carcinoma.The progressive duration ranged from 2.2 to 56.3 months(mean 21.5 months).Among the 150 patients,18 patients with inverted growth pattern did not recur.There were significant differences in the number of tumors and the tumor length between the recurrence and non-recurrence groups,same as the progression and non-progression groups.The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the number of tumors was an independent predictor of tumor recurrence(OR=7.884,95%CI 2.815-22.082,P<0.05)and progression(OR=6.107,95%CI 1.659-22.473,P=0.006)in patients of bladder PUNLMP.Bladder infusion chemotherapy failed to reduce the risk of recurrence and progression.Conclusions About 14%(21/150)patients of bladder PUNLMP reoccurred after TURBT.About half of them had pathological progression,and most of them progressed to low-grade non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma.Multiple tumors was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence and progression.Bladder infusion chemotherapy did not reduce the risk of recurrence and progression in patients of bladder PUNLMP.