臀突客蚤重要生态学调查与流行病学意义的探讨

目的掌握大沙鼠鼠疫主要传播媒介臀突客蚤的生态学动态规律,为防治提供信息和依据。方法在口岸鼠疫监测区采集鼠、动物体蚤,洞干、洞口蚤,镜下观察孕蚤数量,将年度内逐月采集的鼠体、洞口洞干、孕蚤数的优势蚤种经鉴定、分类后绘制成臀突客蚤季节消长图。结果臀突客蚤不仅在野外、郊区,而且在口岸城区均有分布。是大沙鼠的主要寄生蚤,占采蚤总数的66.3%,也是该区多种啮齿类和野生动物的次要蚤种。臀突客蚤鼠体蚤密度高峰在4月,蚤指数为12.87,其他各月也有臀突客蚤分布。洞干、洞口游离蚤密度高峰在7月,蚤指数为1.70。臀突客蚤雌性在3-9月为繁殖产卵期,但高峰在4-6月,占全年孕蚤数的68.3%。结论臀突客蚤是中哈边境口岸周边四季均能生存的多宿主、广泛分布的蚤种。该蚤不仅能自然感染鼠疫菌,并可叮人吸血。在鼠体蚤、洞干、洞口游离蚤高峰期应高度警戒,以防止人间鼠疫的发生。

Investigation on the ecological features of Xenopsylla minax and their epidemiological significance

Objective To get an insight into the ecological dynamics of Xenopsylla minax,the main vector of Rhombomys opimus plague for providing data for the prevention and control of the epidemic.Methods Mouse and animal fleas and those in and at the entrances of the holes in the plague surveillance areas of the ports were collected and examined to determine the number of pregnant fleas under microscope,and the dominant flea species collected from the sources month by month in the year were identified and classified ...