Maternal physiology and complications of multiple pregnancy |
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Authors: | Norwitz Errol R Edusa Valentine Park Joong Shin |
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Affiliation: | Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. errol.norwitz@yale.edu |
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Abstract: | Approximately 1% to 3% of all pregnancies in the United States are multiple gestations. The vast majority (97-98%) are twin pregnancies. Multiple pregnancies constitute significant risk to both mother and fetuses. Antepartum complications-including preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal demise, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia-develop in over 80% of multiple pregnancies as compared with approximately 25% of singleton gestations. This article reviews in detail the maternal physiologic adaptations required to support a multiple pregnancy and the maternal complications that develop when these systems fail or are overwhelmed. |
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Keywords: | multiple pregnancy physiology complications preeclampsia preterm birth |
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