陕西省高速公路交通事故流行病学调查分析

目的　了解陕西省高速公路交通事故的流行病学特点。　方法　对 1994～ 1999年西安至铜川、西安至宝鸡、西安至渭南三条高速公路交通事故原始档案资料进行整理统计。　结果　 (1)交通事故呈逐年上升趋势 ,7,8,11月交通事故发生频度高 ,伤亡人数以 8,11,12月为多 ,交通事故以 6 :0 0～ 8:0 0和 14 :0 0～ 16 :0 0为高峰时间 ;(2 )驾驶员肇事引起的交通事故占 6 4 .3%(75 1 116 8) ;(3)驾龄 <5年的驾驶员引起的交通事故占 5 4 .2 % (6 33 116 8) ;(4 )年龄 <15岁的儿童因违章上路所致死亡占此类人群的第一位 ;(5 )大货车参与交通事故占 36 .3% (776 2 136 ) ;(6 )晴天时发生的交通事故占 6 4 .0 % (74 8 116 8)。　结论　针对人、车、路、环境和管理等诸多因素 ,采取积极有效的措施是降低高速公路交通事故的根本途径。

Epidemiological study of traffic accidents on expressways in Shaanxi province

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of traffic accidents on expressways in Shaanxi province. Methods A retrospective analysis was done on the original data of traffic accidents happened on the expressways of Xi'an-Tongchuan, Xi'an-Baoji and Xi'an-Weinan from 1994 to 1999. Results (1) Traffic accidents increased yearly. The traffic accident occurred more frequently in July, August and November, the mortality was high in August, November and December. The peak time of traffic accidents was at 6-8 am and 2-4 pm. (2) The traffic accidents caused by divers accounted for 64.3% (751/1 168). (3) Traffic accidents caused by divers with less than 5 years of driving accounted for 54.2% (633/1 168). (4) Peccancy in the children less than 15 years old on the expressways caused the highest death rate in such group of people. (5) Traffic accidents involved in the truck accounted for 36.3% (776/2 136). (6) Traffic accidents occurred in the fine weather accounted for 64.0% (748/1 168). Conclusions The key to reducing the traffic accidents on the expressways is to take an active and useful measure upon factors such as people, vehicles, roads, surroundings and management.