Anti-Tax antibody levels in asymptomatic carriers,oligosymptomatic carriers,patients with rheumatologic disease or with HAM/TSP do not correlate with HTLV-1 proviral load |
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Authors: | Jaqueline Gontijo de Souza Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca Marina Lobato Martins Camila Pacheco Silveira Martins Luciana Debortoli de Carvalho Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-dos-Reis Anna Bárbara Freitas Carneiro-Proietti Olindo Assis Martins-Filho Edel Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli |
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Institution: | 1. Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos Intracelulares, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;3. Fundação HEMOMINAS, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil;4. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil;5. Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, M.G. Brazil |
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Abstract: | BackgroundHTLV-1 infects millions of people around the world and induces myelopathy (HAM/TSP), adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) or other inflammatory or rheumatologic diseases. The host–virus interaction causes asymptomatic carriers to develop HAM/TSP. Biomarkers are needed to predict patients who are at risk for HAM/TSP. Tax is highly immunogenic and is a major target protein recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Anti-Tax antibodies are involved in HAM/TSP pathogenesis.ObjectivesTo assess anti-Tax IgG reactivity with a flow cytometry assay (FCA) using an infection/transfection system with Vaccinia virus and pLW44/Tax-expressing Tax and to correlate the anti-Tax response and the HTLV-1 proviral load.Study design: We enrolled 81 individuals: 9 HTLV-1 seronegative (NP) and 72 HTLV-1 positive (23 HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers (AC), 12 oligosymptomatic patients (OL), 7 with rheumatologic diseases (DR) and 30 with HAM/TSP (HT)). Anti-Tax reactivity was assessed by FCA, and HTLV-1 proviral load was measured with real time PCR.ResultsThe HT and DR groups showed greater anti-Tax IgG reactivity (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 comparing HT to the OL and AC group, respectively; p < 0.05 comparing DR to the OL group), and the reactivity in the DR + HT group was significantly different when compared to the AC group (p < 0.05) and to the OL group (p < 0.001). The proviral load was higher in the HT group compared to the OL (p < 0.001) and in the HT + DR group compared to OL (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between anti-Tax IgG reactivity and proviral load in any of the HTLV-1-infected groups.ConclusionThese findings suggest that although anti-Tax IgG reactivity and the HTLV-1 proviral load are important markers of the development of HTLV-1-associated diseases, their levels are not correlated. |
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