空间及颜色对交通灯判断速度影响的研究

目的 研究交通灯空间因素和颜色意义对信息加工处理速度的影响.方法 20名健康成年男性(年龄:18～30岁),模拟交通灯作为图片刺激.分别在正常条件、位置相反、颜色意义相反、位置及颜色意义均相反四种条件下各进行一次Go/NoGo任务测试,实验顺序随机,电脑自动记录正确率和反应时.结果 ①受试者四种条件的平均正确率高达99.13%,各组内及组间均无明显差异.②正常条件下受试者对红绿灯的反应时分别为红灯(491.59±71.74)ms;绿灯(487.55±58.11)ms],差异无显著性(P=0.522).③位置相反条件为红灯(606.29.±107.59)ms;绿灯(593.13±102.45)ms]、颜色意义相反条件为红灯(572.08 ±78.75)ms;绿灯(592.43±87.58)ms].与正常条件相比,位置相反条件红绿灯反应时均延长(F(1,19)=59.77,P<0.01);颜色意义相反条件红绿灯反应时均延长(F(1,19)=52.55,P<0.01).④位置及颜色意义均相反条件为红灯(502.92±65.27)ms;绿灯(508.97±63.40)ms],与正常条件相比,反应时差异接近显著性(P=0.065).结论 违背常态的交通灯位置及颜色意义等冲突信息能延迟大脑信息加工处理速度,提示长时记忆中存在一种"概念的恒常性".

The effect of space and color on judging speeds of traffic lights

Objective To investigate the effect of mental processing speeds of judging traffic lights varying in location and color meaning. Methods 20 healthy adult male (age: 18 ～30 years) were enrolled in this study. By simulation of traffic lights as picture stimuli, all subjects performed a Go/NoGo task separately under normal condition, location-reversed condition, color meaning-reversed condition and both location and color meaning-reversed condition randomly. The accuracy rate and reaction time of the behavior task were quantified. Results The average accuracy rate of the four conditions was 99. 13% , no differences were found in different traffic light colors and different conditions. In the normal condition,the subjects' reaction time(ms) of traffic lights were as fallowings: red light 491.59 ±71.74; green light 487.55 ±58. 11, no difference was found between the two traffic light colors (P=0.522). In the location-reversed condition, subjects' average reaction time(ms) was respectively for red light 606.29 ± 107.59, and green light 593.13 ± 102.45. In the color meaning-reversed condition, it was respectively for red light 572.08 ±78.75, and green light 592.43 ±87.58. Compared with the normal condition, subjects' reaction time was prolonged in the location-reversed condition (F(1,19)=59.77, P<0.01), and also in the color meaning-reversed condition (F(1,19) =52.55, P<0.01). When in the both location and color meaning-reversed condition, the subjects' reaction time (ms) of traffic lights was respectively 502.92 ± 65.27 for red light, and 508.97 ±63.40 for green light,the result came close to statistical significance(P= 0.065)compared with the normal condition. Conclusion A likely "conceptual constancy" is demonstrated on the basis of prolonging the brains' information processing when location and color information changes.