Sulfonylurea drug--a new sulfonylurea drug for type 2 diabetes

The incidence of diabetes mellitus has been increased year by year and now 5-6 millions are diabetic patients in Japan. Studies of DCCT and UKPDS concluded that tight control of diabetes was benefit for prevention of diabetic complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. New type of sulfonylurea (glimepiride) has been developed by Hoechst Marion Roussel company which continues clinical trials in Japan. Grimepiride is an insulin sparing sulfonylurea drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients whose high blood glucose cannot be controlled by diet and exercise alone. In Europe and United State glimepiride has been used as a monotherapy or in combination with insulin. Glucose control was effectively observed in type 2 diabetics including obese and hypertensive patients by the drug. Mechanism of sulfonylurea which stimulates insulin release is supposed by binding to a regulatory subunit of plasma membrane ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel. The consequent closure of KATP channel leads to depolarization, opening of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ influx, and a rise in intracellular Ca2+], resulting in insulin secretion. However, it has been suggested that sulfonylurea may have an additional action on secretion, independent of changes in intracellular Ca2+] but dependent on the activity of protein kinase C (PKC). It is controversial whether or not sulfonylurea is a risky drug to the process of diabetic macroangiopathy, by suppressing KATP channels in the heart.