认知功能和神经可塑性——调节神经可塑性是人参皂苷Rg1改善认知功能的基本机制

综述认知功能和神经可塑性。由于人参皂苷Rg1（Rg1）对10种记忆损伤模型均有改善作用,所以阐述了Rg1的药理学活性及其机制。Rg1的益智效应机制研究表明Rg1的益智作用是由于它从效能和结构两方面提高了神经可塑性。①Rg1上调乙酰胆碱（Ach）浓度和M 胆碱受体在中枢神经系统的密度；②提高基础突触传递和突触密度；③使BDNF蛋白表达增加；④在青年鼠和老年鼠均上调c fos基因；⑤在正常和脑缺血 再灌模型的啮齿类动物体内体外试验均可以提高海马神经发生。这些新发现表明Rg1对于阿尔茨海默病（AD）和不同的记忆损伤是一个非常有前景的治疗药物。 因此非常有必要开展更加深入的研究，包括益智信号转导途径的阐明、临床研究和不同皂苷单体的工业化生产.

Cognitive Function and Neural Plasticity-the Basic Mechanism of Improving Cognitive Function of Ginsenoside Rg1 Due to Its Regulation for Neural Plasticity

Cognitive function and neural plasticity were viewed here at first.Then the pharmacological activities and its mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 were reviewed because of Rg1's beneficial effects on 10 models of memory impairment.Nootropic mechanism study showed that nootropic effects of Rg1 were characterized by increasing neural plasticity in both efficacy and structure.Firstly,up regulation of acetylcholine(Ach) content and M-cholinergic receptors density in the central nervous system.Secondly,increase of basic synaptic transmission and synapses density.Thirdly,enhancement of neurotrophin-BDNF protein expression.Fourthly,up regulation of c-fos gene expression in both young and old rats.Finally,increase of hippocampal neurogenesis whether in vitro or vivo,under normal rodent or cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in rodent.These new findings suggest that Rg1 are promising agents for treatment of AD and various memory impairments.Further studies should be made about the elucidation of nootropic signal transduction pathway,clinical study and industrial production of various ginsenosides.