张謇、袁世凯交往与民初政治变局

张謇是中国近代知名的实业家、教育家和社会活动家 ,是中国近代化史上一位颇具影响的人物。近年来 ,学术界对他的经济思想及其实业活动、文化教育思想及其实践以及在清末立宪中的表现进行了一定深度的研究。然而 ,他与袁世凯的一段交往 ,却鲜为人知。从张謇与袁世凯交往可以窥探中国在晚清民初的环境下各种势力的交叉、分隔中 ,袁氏如何夺取政权 ,登上总统的宝座。当时中国资产阶级革命派势单力孤 ,袁世凯以掌握新军实权这一政治军事资源 ,同晚清地方士绅特别是以张謇为首的地方实力派联合 ,取代了清朝的统治。这里有历史的必然逻辑 ,而决不是偶然的。

Contacts between Zhang Jian and Yuan Shikai and Changes in the Political Situation at the Early Period of the Republic of China

Zhang Jian, an industrialist, educator and social activist in modern China, is an influential figure in the history of modern China. There has been a great deal of research into his economic ideas and industrial activities, his ideas about culture and education, and his performance on constitutionalism during the late Qing Dynasty, yet his contacts with Yuan Shikai remain neglected. Their contacts enable us to understand how Yuan Shikai seized power and ascended onto the throne when different groups of forces were constantly united and divided. The Chinese bourgeois revolutionary group was weak in political power. By commanding the military resources of the New Army and uniting with the local esquire, especially the local strength group headed by Zhan Jian, Yan Shikai brought the rule of the Qiang Dynasty to an end. Logically, this event is inevitable rather than only occasional.