整合素在角膜上皮创伤愈合中的研究进展

整合素作为一类重要的细胞黏附分子,通过影响细胞的形态,介导细胞的黏附、迁移和增生,在角膜上皮创伤愈合中发挥了重要的作用。讨论α2β1、α3β1、α5β1、αvβ3、α6β4、α9β1和αvβ6这7种整合素在角膜上皮创伤愈合中的研究进展及其临床意义。α6β4整合素为半桥粒的主要组成部分,介导角膜上皮细胞在细胞外基质上的静态黏附,损伤后该黏附就转变为α2β1、α3β1整合素介导的动态黏附,细胞在黏附-去黏附的过程中实现迁移,从而修复创面。α6β4、α3β1整合素相互协调作用,实现上皮细胞的板层状运动。研究还发现α6β4、α3β1整合素的活化还能促进细胞的增生。损伤后上皮细胞表面α5β1、αvβ3整合素的表达上调,二者与黏着斑的形成密切相关。α9β1和αvβ6为近年来新发现的与角膜上皮创伤愈合有关的整合素,其具体作用尚有待进一步的研究。

Investigative progress of integrins in corneal epithelial wound healing

As one of the major cell adhesion molecules,integrins play an important role in corneal epithelial wound healing by affecting the cell shape and mediating cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. This review focuses on the recent investigative progress in 7 kinds of integrins that are closely related to corneal epithelial wound healing and the significance to the treatment of persistent corneal epithelial defects. Being the major part of hemidesmosome,α6β4 integrin mediates the static adhesion of corneal epithelial cells. After wound,such adhesion transforms to dynamic adhesion which is mediated by α2β2 and α3β3 integrin, α2β1 and α3β1 integrins coordinate with each other, so the epithelium can move as a sheet. Otherwise, activation of α6β4 and α3β1 integrins also promote the proliferation of epithelial cells, α5β1 and α4β3 integrins are up-regulated only following wound, and they are found to be closely related to the formation of adhesion macula, α9β1 and α4β6 are two newly-found integrins that play a role in corneal epithelial wound healing, so their exact function still need more investigation.