高龄急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓的疗效分析

目的探讨高龄(年龄≥80岁)急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性连续收集2014年7月至2016年2月成都市第三人民医院院神经内科发病4.5 h内应用阿替普酶静脉溶栓的急性脑梗死患者157例,经头部CT或MRI证实。按发病年龄分为≥80岁组(47例)和80岁组(110例)。记录基线资料,包括心脑血管病危险因素、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分、发病至溶栓时间(3.0~4.5 h)、应用抗凝药物等;观察患者的不良反应,评估溶栓后安全性和疗效,即7 d和3个月时的病死率、症状性颅内出血率,静脉溶栓24 h、1周内和3个月的恢复良好率。结果 (1)与年龄80岁组比较,年龄≥80岁组的心房颤动比例和中位年龄均较高,组间差异有统计学意义[59.6%(28例)比32.7%(36例),83(81,85)岁比67(59,75)岁,均P0.01];其余基线资料的组间差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。(2)脑梗死病因亚组分型中,年龄≥80岁组心源性栓塞比例高于80岁组,组间差异有统计学意义[59.6%(28例)比32.7%(36例),P0.01];其余病因分型的组间差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。(3)年龄≥80岁组与年龄80岁组患者1周死亡率[分别为6.4%(3例)、6.4%(7例)]及3个月死亡率[12.8%(6例)、9.1%(10例)]的差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);颅内出血比例[10.6%(5例)、8.2%(9例)]和症状性颅内出血比例[4.3%(2例)、6.4%(7例)]的差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);24 h恢复良好率[38.3%(18例)、45.5%(50例)]和1周恢复良好率[53.2%(25例)、62.7%(69例)]的差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);年龄≥80岁组3个月预后良好率低于80岁组,组间差异有统计学意义[51.1%(24例)比71.8%(79例),P0.05]。结论对于发病4.5 h内的高龄(年龄≥80岁)急性缺血性卒中患者,选择适当的患者进行静脉溶栓有利于增加安全性及早期获益。

Efficacy analysis of intravenous thrombolysis in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in elderly patients (aged≥80 years) with acute ischemic stroke.Methods From July 2014 to February 2016,157 consecutive patients with acute cerebral infarction treated with alteplase for intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 h after onset at the Department of Neurology,the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu were collected retrospectively.They were confirmed by head CT or MRI.They were divided into a ≥80-year old group (n=47) and a <80-year old group (n=110) according to the age of onset.The baseline data were documented,including the risk factors for cardiocerebrovascular diseases,National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score,onset to thrombolytic time (3.0-4.5 h),and application of anticoagulant drugs,etc.The adverse reactions of the patients were observed and the safety and efficacy of thrombolysis were evaluated,that is 7 d and 3 months mortality,symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rate,and good recovery rates of intravenous thrombolysis at 24 h,1 week,and 3 months.Results (1) Compared with the <80-year old group,the ratio of atrial fibrillation and median age in the ≥80-year old group were higher.There were significant differences between the two groups (59.6% [n=28] vs.32.7% [n=36],83 [81,85] vs.67 [59,75] years old,all P<0.01).There were no significant differences in the remaining baseline data between the two groups (all P>0.05).(2) In the subtypes of cerebral infarction etiology,the proportion of cardiogenic embolism in the ≥80-year old group was higher than that in the <80-year old group.There was significant difference between the two groups (59.6% [n=28] vs.32.7% [n=36],P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the other etiological types between the two groups (all P>0.05).(3) There were no significant differences at one week (6.4% [n=3] vs.6.4% [n=7] respectively) and 3 months (12.8% [n=6] vs.9.1% [n=10]) in the mortality rates between the ≥80-year old group and the <80-year old group (all P>0.05).There were no significant differences in the proportions of intracranial hemorrhage (10.6% [n=5] vs.8.2% [n=9]) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (4.3% [n=2] vs.6.4% [n=7]) between the two groups (all P>0.05).There was no significant difference between the good recovery rate at 24 h (38.3% [n=18] vs.45.5% [n=50]) and that at one week (53.2% [n=25] vs.62.7% [n=69];all P>0.05).The long-term (3 months) favorable prognosis rate in the ≥80-year old group was lower than that in the <80-year old group.There was significant difference between the two groups (51.1% [n=24] vs.71.8% [n=79], P<0.05).Conclusion For the onset within 4.5 h (aged≥80 years) in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke,selecting the appropriate cases for intravenous thrombolysis is help to increase safety and early benefit.