唐山市无偿献血人群HIV的感染及人群特征分析

目的了解唐山市无偿献血人群抗-HIV感染情况及人群特征,为HIV预防及完善无偿献血招募工作提供参考。方法回顾分析2010年1月—2015年12月唐山市无偿献血人群抗-HIV筛查及确证情况,对HIV感染者流行病学资料进行统计学分析。血样HIV抗体筛查检测采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),呈阳性的血样采用Western蛋白免疫印迹(WB)法进行确证检测。结果 2010年1月—2015年12月唐山市无偿献血人群HIV感染率为1.177/万(62/526 622),年龄以31~40岁为主,男性感染率高于女性,献血首次者感染率高于≥2次者,初中及以下学历者感染率明显高于高中、大专及以上学历者。62例抗-HIV阳性血液标本的WB带型中,以gpl60、gpl20、gp41、p66、p51、p31、p24条带为主,出现率均在90%以上。以合并TP感染的最多,占13.75%(11/62)。结论近年来唐山市HIV阳性率有所增加,不同人群HIV阳性率明显不同,以文化程度低的中青年男性为主,应加强献血前的健康询问和献血者的自我排查,建立固定无偿献血队伍,以保证血液质量安全。

HIV infection and population characteristics of voluntary blood donors in Tangshan

Objective To understand the situation of HIV infection and population characteristics of voluntary blood donors in Tangshan City from January 2010 to December 2015,so as to provide references for improving the prevention work and health promotion of HIV infection in this region.Methods The data of the anti-HIV screening and confirmation of the blood donors were collected and epidemiologically analyzed in Tangshan City from January 2010 to December 2015.The HIV antibody screening of blood samples was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the positive blood samples were further detected by Western blot (WB).Results The HIV infection rate was 1.177/104 (62/526 622) in blood donors in Tangshan City from January 2010 to December 2015.In the age distribution,the 31-40 years old group was the main,and the infection rate of the male was higher than that in the female.The infection rate of HIV in the first blood donation persons was significantly higher than that in the second or more blood donation persons.The HIV infection rate of donors with the junior high school or below educational level was significantly higher than that of ones with high school or college or above educational level.Among 62 cases of anti-HIV positive blood samples,in the WB band,gpl60,gpl20,gp41,p66,p51,P31,and p24 bands were more common,with the occurrence rate of more than 90％.Among the 62 cases of HIV infection,the most ones complicated with TP infection,accounting for 13.75％ (11/62),and in the blood type distribution,O type was more common,accounting for 33.87％ (21/62).Conclusions The positive rate of HIV infection is increasing in Tangshan City in recent years,and the positive rate of HIV in different groups are significantly different and the rate is higher in the young men with low educational levels.Therefore,we should strengthen the donation health examination and the donor's self-checking,and establish a stable blood donation team,in order to ensure the blood quality and safety.