术前栓塞联合显微外科手术治疗颅内动静脉畸形的效果分析

目的评估应用术前栓塞联合显微外科手术治疗颅内动静脉畸形(AVM)的效果。方法回顾性连续纳入2005年1月至2015年12月首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科收治的颅内AVM患者57例,经MRI及DSA确诊,显微外科术前均应用Glubran和(或)Onyx栓塞治疗。记录患者临床特征、治疗方式及并发症发生情况。结果 57例患者中,Spetzler-Martin分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级35例,Ⅲ级18例,Ⅳ级4例。11例患者(19.3%)出现并发症,其中Onyx 5例,Glubran 5例,Onyx+Glubran 1例;栓塞术后出血4例,术后颅内出血2例,术后颅内感染1例,术后神经功能障碍1例,术后全身其他系统并发症3例。按Spetzler-Martin分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级对应的并发症发生率分别为14.3%(5/35)、22.2%(4/18),Spetzler-Martin分级Ⅳ级中有2例出现并发症。功能区并发症发生率为20.0%(4/20),非功能区并发症发生率为18.9%(7/37)例。死亡1例。出院前复查DSA,有4例患者存在病灶残留,治愈率93.0%。出院时平均改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分为(1.6±1.0)分,mRS评分0~1分者占59.6%(34/57),7例患者出院时mRS评分高于治疗前。结论对于体积较大、位于大脑深部或重要功能区的高级别AVM病灶,可考虑显微外科手术联合栓塞治疗。

Effect analysis of preoperative embolization combined with microsurgery for the treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformation

Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of using preoperative embolization combined with microsurgery for the treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformation.Methods From January 2005 to December 2015,57 consecutive patients with intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM ) admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were enrolled retrospectively. They were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Glubran and/or Onyx embolization was used before the microsurgery. The clinical features,treatment, and occurrence of complications were recorded.Results In 57 patients,the Spetzler-Martin grade in 35 patients were gradeⅠ-Ⅱ,in 18 were Ⅲ,and in 4 were Ⅳ. The complications occurred in 11 patients (19. 3%),including 5 with Onyx,5 with Glubran,and 1 with Onyx+Glubran. After embilization,4 patients had hemorrhage,2 had intracranial hemorrhage,1 had postoperative intracranial infection,1 had postoperative neuro-logical dysfunction,and 3 had other systemic complications after procedure. The complication rates were 14. 3%(5/35)and 22. 2%(4/18)respectively according to the Spetzler-Martin grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Two patients of Spetzler-Martin gradeⅣhad complications. The incidence of complications in the functional areas was 20. 0%(4/20)and that in non-functional areas was 18. 9%(7/37). One patient died. DSA revealed that 4 patients had residual lesions before discharge. The cure rate was 93. 0%. The mean modified Rankin scale (mRS)score at discharge was 1. 6 ± 1. 0. The patients of mRS 0-1 accounted for 59. 6%(34/57).The mRS scores in 7 patients at discharge were higher than before treatment.Conclusion For the high-grade AVM foci with larger volume and in the deep part of brain,the treatment with microsurgery combined with embolization can be considered.