海口市脑卒中高危人群颈动脉超声异常检出率及危险因素分析

目的通过对海口地区健康体检脑卒中的高危人群颈动脉超声异常检出率与危险因素的分析,探讨脑卒中患病危险因素,提出针对性的预防措施,以降低脑卒中的发病率。方法收集2012年1月1日—2016年12月31日,在海口市人民医院体检,并要求做颈动脉超声检查的人群资料,从人群个体特征、不同慢性病与颈动脉内-中膜增厚、斑块形成和颈动脉狭窄发生率等进行回顾性统计分析。结果纳入研究人群共13 589人,颈动脉内-中膜增厚7 659例(56.36%),斑块形成5 594例(41.17%),颈动脉狭窄392例(2.88%)。不同年龄段、不同性别和不同文化水平人群的颈动脉内-中膜增厚、斑块形成的发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),不同年龄段和不同文化水平人群的颈动脉狭窄发生率间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。合并不同慢性病如高血压、糖尿病、冠心病等人群的颈动脉内-中膜增厚、斑块形成、颈动脉狭窄发生率均高于未合并者(P0.05)。在合并不同慢性病的种类中,合并两种、三种及以上慢性病的颈动脉内-中膜增厚、斑块形成、颈动脉狭窄发生率均高于未合并慢性病者(P0.05)。结论海口市体检人群颈动脉内-中膜增厚、斑块形成的检出率均较高,针对危险因素,对目标人群进行健康教育,提高人群对脑卒中的认识,掌握预防和控制知识是防控脑卒中的有效措施。

Abnormal detection rate of carotid by ultrasonography and risk factors in high risk population of stroke in Haikou

Objective To investigate the abnormal detection rate of carotid by ultrasonography and risk factors in the high risk population of stroke in Haikou area,so as to propose the preventive measures to reduce the incidence of stroke.Methods The data of the population with carotid ultrasound and physical examinations were collected and retrospectively analyzed from January 1,2012 to December 31,2016.The relationship between individual characteristics of the population,different chronic diseases and carotid inner-medial membrane thickening,plaque formation,carotid artery stenosis incidence was analyzed statistically.Results Among 13 589 people included in the study,7 659 people (56.36％) had carotid artery inner-medial membrane thickening,5 594 (41.17％) had plaque formation and 392 (2.88％) had carotid artery stenosis.There were significant differences among the different age groups and different educational level groups in carotid inner-medial membrane thickening,plaque formation and carotid artery stenosis (P ＜0.05).The incidence rates of carotid inner-medial membrane thickening,plaque formation and carotid artery stenosis in the patients with different chronic diseases,such as hypertension,diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease were higher than those in the patients without these chronic diseases (P ＜0.05).The incidence rates of carotid inner-medial membrane thickening,plaque formation and carotid artery stenosis in the patients with two,three or more kinds chronic diseases were higher than those in the patients without chronic diseases (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The detection rates of carotid inner-medial membrane thickening and plaque formation are high in the physical examination population of Haikou City.Therefore,the effective measures,such as the health education to the target population according to the risk factors,should be strengthened to prevent and control stroke.