上海市奉贤区老年人健康期望寿命及其影响因素的分析

目的计算上海市奉贤区60岁以上老年人的健康期望寿命(healthy life expectancy,HALE),分析HALE的主要影响因素。方法采用两阶段分层整群抽样的方法抽取1 696位奉贤区60岁以上老人进行问卷调查,采用Sullivan法计算HALE。结果 2015年奉贤区男、女性60~岁组老年人HALE分别为19.44岁和20.46岁,HALE损失率分别为15.04%和25.06%。70岁以下年龄组女性HALE均高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但女性HALE损失率均大于同年龄组的男性。影响奉贤区老年人HALE的主要影响因素有性别、年龄、婚姻状况、合理体育锻炼、慢性病史,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。中风等脑血管疾病导致的HALE平均损失率最大。结论为提高老年人的HALE,应提倡健康的生活方式,重点防治中风等脑血管疾病,加强老年人尤其是女性老年人的健康保健服务。

Healthy life expectancy and its influencing factors of elderly people in Fengxian District,Shanghai

Objective To calculate the healthy life expectancy (HALE) for people aged 60 years and above and analyze its influencing factors in Fengxian District,Shanghai City.Methods Totally 1 696 people aged 60 years and above were selected by the two-stage cluster random sampling method and were surveyed with questionnaires.Sullivan's method was used to calculate their HALEs.Results HALEs for men and women aged 60-65 years in 2015 were 19.44 years and 20.46 years respectively.The disability rates for men and women were 15.04％ and 25.06％ respectively in 2015.HALE for women at aged 70-74 years group and below was greater than that for the same age group of men (P＜0.05),but the disability rate for women was higher than that for men.The main influencing factors of HALE included gender (P＜0.05),age (P＜0.05),marriage (P＜ 0.05),reasonable physical exercise (P＜0.05) and chronic disease history (P＜0.05).Stroke ranked the first in the factors leading to disability prevalence.Conclusion In order to extend HALE,the healthy life style should be advocated,the prevention and treatment of stroke should be focused on,and the medical care services should improve especially for old women.